Glaciers Flashcards
What is the cryosphere?
All frozen water on the earth
What is albedo?
The percentage of light reflected back off the ice
Define normal fluids
They deform instantly when a shear is applied upon them
Define non-newtonian fluids
Their viscosities and rate of deformation decrease as shear stress is increased
What are the two conditions needed for glaciation?
- precipitation
2. Temperatures that will preserve the ice over the summer
What kind of competence do glaciers have?
Very high
A poorly sorted mixture of mud, sand and gravel is called…
diamicton
What is till?
Diamicton lain down from glacier ice, has not been disturbed since.
What is an esker
An elongated ridge of sand and gravel generated by meltwater flowing from to the front of the glacier under pressure and depositing the sediment
True or false: water is the only chemical on earth to occur naturally in all three phases
True
Define permafrost
Ground that is constantly at a temperature below 0 degrees Celsius
When sea ice forms, what two things occur?`
Dense, cold water that plunges to the ocean bottom
Salt is rejected when the ice forms, therefore the ice is primarily fresh.
What is the thickness of sea ice
Never more than several meters
What is another name for normal fluids, and please define them
- Newtonian fluids
2. They deform instantaneously with applied shear, and viscosity increases linearly when shear stress is increased
some fluids are non-newtonian. what does this mean?
Their viscosities decrease as shear stress is increased.
OR
They exhibit shear thickening behaviour, where viscosity increases as shear stress increases
