Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography 🌍 > Glaciation ❄️ > Flashcards

Glaciation ❄️ Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

When was the last Ice Age?

A

About 18,000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ice Ages have intermittent ..?.. ..?.. These are called ‘..?..’

A

Ice Ages have intermittent WARM PERIODS. These are called ‘INTERGLACIALS’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition for: GLACIER?

A

GLACIERS are slow moving ‘rivers of ice’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give an example of a glacier in Europe!

A

An example of a glacier in Europe is: Mer de Glace, France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition for: ICE SHEETS?

A

These are the large areas of thick ice found in Antarctica and Greenland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition for: ICE CAPS?

A

These are smaller areas of thick ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition for: CREVASSES?

A

These are cracks in the ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s does the GLACIER SYSTEM consist of?

A

Inputs, transfers (flows), stores and outputs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are INPUTS?

A

INPUTS come from avalanches along the sides of the glacier but mainly from precipitation as snow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain STORAGE!

A

Over time snow accumulates and is compressed into ice. The water held in STORAGE is the glacier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Under the force of gravity, the glacier ..?.. downhill

A

Under the force of gravity, the glacier FLOWS downhill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain OUTPUTS!

A

Meltwater is the main OUTPUT from the glacier, along with some evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the balance between INPUTS and OUTPUTS!

A

In winter: - inputs usually exceed outputs
near the head of a glacier.
(accumulation)
- Here the glacier advances.

In Summer: - Outputs will exceed inputs
(ablation)
- Here the glacier retreats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are most of the world’s GLACIERS doing today?

A

They are retreating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Summarise the first process in the glacier system: Frost Shattering!

A

-Water fills small cracks in the rock.
-At night (0-) the water in the cracks
freezes.
-When it warms up again (daytime) the frozen
water thaws.
-This process is repeated many many time
causing more cracks to start appearing in
the rock.
-This process is called FROST SHATTERING or FREEZE THAW WEATHERING.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain/ summarise the second process in the glacier system: Abrasion!

A

The material frozen into the glacier scours the valley sides and base. This is sand-papering effect, similar to corrasion by a river but on a much larger scale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain/ summarise the third and final process of the glacier system: Plucking!

A

The water at the bottom of the glacier freezes onto the rock on the valley base. As the glacier moves, the Rick is pulled away from the valley base. Plucking mainly occurs when the rock is well-jointed.

18
Q

Explain/ summarise a CORRIE:

A

-Snow collects in a natural hollow on the side of a mountain.
-Overtime more snow gals into the hollow, this
extra weight compressing the snow underneath
and turning it to ice.
-The hollow is deepened by abrasion and plucking.
-This leads to an ‘armchair’ shape and causes a
‘rock lip’ to be formed.

19
Q

Describe an ARÊTE:

A

An ARÊTE is a very narrow ridge on a mountain and is sometimes described like a ‘knife edge.’

20
Q

Describe and then give an example of a Pyramidal peak:

A

A PYRAMIDAL PEAK is an angular sharply pointed mountain peak which results from CORRIE erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from a central point.

An example of a PYRAMIDAL PEAK is: The Matterhorn in the Alps

21
Q

Describe a GLACIAL TROUGH/U-SHAPED VALLEY:

A

This is when glaciers cut distinctive U-SHAPED VALLEYS with a flat floor and steep sides

22
Q

Describe a TRUNCATED SPUR:

A

As the valley glacier moves, abrasion and plucking erode the protruding tips of the spurs leaving them truncated

23
Q

Describe a HANGING VALLEY:

A

This is a side valley that enters a main valley at a height high above the main valley floor

24
Q

Describe a MISFIT STREAM:

A

This is a stream that is too small to have eroded the U-SHAPED VALLEY in which it flows

25
Q

Describe MORAINES:

A

This is a type of landform that is created when a glacier deposits the material (till) that it has been transporting. There are several types of Moraine - Lateral, Medial, Ground, Recessional and terminal.

26
Q

Describe DRUMLINS:

A

Drumlins are formed of till. They are elongated features that can reach a kilometre or more in length, 500m or so in width and over 50m in height

27
Q

Describe GLACIAL STRIATIONS:

A

These are scratches or gouges cut into bedrock by glacial abrasion. They indicate the direction of the ice flow

28
Q

What is the definition for: ICE AGE?

A

An ICE AGE is a period when there is a long-term reduction in the temperature resulting in the presence or expansion of ice

29
Q

What is the definition for: AVALANCHE

A

An AVALANCHE is a mass of snow and ice that moves very rapidly down a mountainside.

30
Q

What are the NATURAL causes of avalanches?

A

-In spring melting weakens the layers of
snow and ice causing them to become
unstable.
-A small earthquake.

31
Q

What are the HUMAN cause of avalanches?

A

-People skiing and snowboarding

32
Q

Describe ERRATICS:

A

An ERRATIC is a boulder that is different to the bedrock upon which it is sitting. They have been transported and deposited by a glacier. Therefore ERRATICS are useful indicators of patterns of former ice flow

33
Q

Explain summarise a RIBBON LAKE:

A

-Narrow lakes found on the valley floors of
glacial troughs.
-When a glacier moves along its valley, softer rock
is eroded more easily.
-When the glacier retreats, deeper sections fill with
meltwater and become lakes.
-Deposition of Moraine across the valley can also
act as a dam, trapping the meltwater and thereby
creating a ribbon lake.

34
Q

What is an INTERGLACIAL?

A

A period of time between one Ice Age and another Ice Age

35
Q

Describe GROUND MORAINE:

A

This is MORAINE that is dragged beneath a glacier and forms part of the valley floor

36
Q

Describe LATERAL MORAINE:

A

This is MORAINE that is produced from frost-shattering of the valley sides and is carried at the sides of the glacier

37
Q

Describe TERMINAL MORAINE:

A

This is MORAINE that is found at the snout (end of the glacier) and marks the maximum advance of a glacier. It is made up of deposited material. The glacier retreats here!

38
Q

Describe MEDIAL MORAINE:

A

This is MORAINE that is found in the centre of a glacier

39
Q

Describe RECESSIONAL MORAINE:

A

This is MORAINE that marks interruptions in the retreat of the glacier

40
Q

List the FOUR ways that we can reduce the hazard of avalanches:

A
  1. Building wooden fences on a slope to hold back the snow.
  2. Trees also help because they hold the snow pack together.
  3. Trees will also break up smaller avalanches, preventing them from becoming too dangerous.
  4. Roads and buildings can have shutes built to protect them.

Geography 🌍 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions