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Geography > Glaciation > Flashcards

Glaciation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is glaciation?

A

The process of glaciers forming and expanding due to the accumulation of snow and ice.

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2
Q

True or False: Glaciation only occurs in cold regions.

A

False

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3
Q

What are the two main types of glaciers?

A

Alpine glaciers and ice sheets.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Glaciers are often referred to as _______ rivers of ice.

A

slow-moving

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5
Q

What is the primary cause of glaciation?

A

A combination of climate factors that lead to the accumulation of snow and ice.

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6
Q

What is an ice sheet?

A

A large mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 square kilometers in area.

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7
Q

What is the process by which glaciers move downhill?

A

Glacial flow.

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8
Q

What is an example of a famous ice sheet?

A

The Antarctic Ice Sheet.

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9
Q

What is a cirque glacier?

A

A glacier that occupies a bowl-shaped depression on a mountainside.

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10
Q

True or False: Glacial retreat can lead to the formation of new landforms.

A

True

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11
Q

What is an erratic?

A

A large boulder that was transported and deposited by a glacier.

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12
Q

What is a moraine?

A

A landform made up of rock and sediment that has been carried and deposited by a glacier.

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13
Q

What is the process by which glaciers erode the land beneath them?

A

Glacial abrasion.

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14
Q

What is a drumlin?

A

An elongated hill that was formed by the movement of a glacier.

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15
Q

True or False: Glaciers can impact global climate patterns.

A

True

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16
Q

What is a fjord?

A

A long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial erosion.

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17
Q

What is an ice age?

A

A period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth’s surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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18
Q

What is a horn?

A

A sharp, pyramid-like peak that forms at the intersection of several cirque glaciers.

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19
Q

True or False: Glaciers can store a significant amount of freshwater.

A

True

20
Q

What is a glacial erratic made of?

A

A different type of rock than the bedrock where it is found.

21
Q

What is a hanging valley?

A

A tributary valley that is higher than the main valley due to glacial erosion.

22
Q

What is a tarn?

A

A small mountain lake that forms in a cirque basin.

23
Q

True or False: Glaciers can cause significant changes in sea level.

A

True

24
Q

What is a kame?

A

A small, steep-sided mound of sand and gravel that was deposited by a melting glacier.

25
Q

What is a roche moutonnée?

A

A rock formation that has been sculpted and smoothed by glacial erosion.

26
Q

True or False: Glacial erosion can create U-shaped valleys.

A

True

27
Q

What is a medial moraine?

A

A moraine that forms when two glaciers merge and their lateral moraines combine.

28
Q

What is a proglacial lake?

A

A lake that forms in front of a glacier due to melting ice and glacial retreat.

29
Q

True or False: Glaciers can influence the Earth’s albedo.

A

True

30
Q

What is a pingo?

A

A dome-shaped mound of earth-covered ice found in permafrost regions.

31
Q

What is a terminal moraine?

A

A moraine that marks the furthest advance of a glacier.

32
Q

True or False: Glacial till is composed of well-sorted sediments.

A

False

33
Q

What is a glacial erratic’s size compared to the surrounding rocks?

A

Significantly larger.

34
Q

What is a kettle lake?

A

A shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by a retreating glacier.

35
Q

True or False: Glacial striations are caused by the melting of ice.

A

False

36
Q

What is a fjord lake?

A

A lake that forms in a fjord after glacial retreat.

37
Q

What is a crevasse?

A

A deep crack or fracture in the ice of a glacier.

38
Q

True or False: Glacial surges are slow and gradual movements of ice.

A

False

39
Q

What is a glacial outwash plain?

A

A plain formed by the deposition of sediments carried by glacial meltwater.

40
Q

What is a pater noster lake?

A

A series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or river.

41
Q

True or False: Glacial polish is a result of glacial erosion.

A

True

42
Q

What is a glaciologist?

A

A scientist who studies glaciers and glaciation.

43
Q

What is a lateral moraine?

A

A moraine that forms along the sides of a glacier.

44
Q

True or False: Glacial surge events are rare and unpredictable.

A

True

45
Q

What is a nunatak?

A

A peak or mountain ridge that protrudes through the surface of a glacier.

46
Q

What is a firn?

A

A type of dense, granular snow that is transitional between snow and glacial ice.

Geography (3 decks)

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