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N5 Geography > Glaciated uplands > Flashcards

Glaciated uplands Flashcards

1
Q

what is plucking?

A

when a glacier freezes to the underlying landscape and rips out rocks as it moves downhill.

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2
Q

what is abrasion in the mountains?

A

rocks plucked out freeze to the bottom of the glacier and scour away the underlying landscape as it moves, having a sandpaper effect

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3
Q

what is freeze-thaw weathering?

A

water enters cracks in rock and expands as it freezes, widening the crack. When repeated it weakens and eventually breaks the rock.

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3
Q

Describe a corrie?

A

deep, steep sided horseshore shaped hollow high on a mountainside.

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3
Q

name an example of a corrie

A

Red tarn

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3
Q

name an example of an arete

A

striding edge

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3
Q

Describe an arete?

A

steep, narrow ridge that forms between two corries back to back.

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4
Q

name an example of a pyramidal peak

A

Striding edge

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4
Q

Describe a pyramidal peak?

A

sharp pointed peak atop a mountain that forms when three or more corries form back to back.

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5
Q

Describe a u-shaped valley?

A

wide, flat bottomed and steep sided valley.

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6
Q

name an example of a u-shaped valley

A

Langdale

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7
Q

How many corries does an arete need to form?

A

Two

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8
Q

How many corries does a pyramidal peak need to form?

A

Three

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9
Q

In what direction does snow gather in a hollow?

A

North

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9
Q

Why do glaciers move downhill?

A

Gravity

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10
Q

What can be found on the bottom of a u-shaped following once the glaciers have melted?

A

Misfit stream or ribbon loch

10
Q

what process of erosion has a sandpaper effect?

A

Abrasion

11
Q

what is a truncated spur?

A

craggy and steep area of land at the endge of a u-shaped valley/ chopped off interlocking spur

11
Q

how do glaciers affect interlocking spurs in a v-shaped valley?

A
12
Q

what does a truncated spur look like on a OS map?

A

A ridge of land that leads towards the valley and is suddenly cut-off. Steep and craggy area on the side of a u-shaped valley.

13
Q

why is sheep farming common in the Cairgorms?

A

sheep are hardy and can survive the harsh conditions, unsuitable for growing crops, poor climate and slopes are too steep for machinery

13
Q

why is recreation and tourism common in the Cairngorms?

A

lochs for watersports, mountains to walk, winter sports in the corries, amazing scenery, good services and transport links.

13
Q

what is sheep worrying?

A

when dogs let off the lead scare or attack sheep leading to miscarriage or death, costing the farmer time and money.

13
Q

Why does leaving gates open disrupt farming activities?

A

allows animals to escape meaning farmers have to spend hours rounding them up again

13
Q

What does inconsiderate parking disrupt farming activities?

A

prevents farms from accessing their fields and going about their daily business

14
Q

what do tourists do to annoy farmers?

A

leave gates open allowing animals to escape, park in front of gates not giving them access to fields, litter, let dogs of leads leading to sheep worrying

15
Q

why is sheep worrying a problem for farmers?

A

dogs can scare the sheep into death or miscarriage, leading to a loss of profits for the farmer

15
Q

What do farmers do to annoy tourists?

A

restrict access at certain times of year eg lambing and farm vehicles slow traffic on local roads

16
Q

describe two solutions to the conflicts between famers and tourists.

A

national park plan, park rangers employed, signs, volunteers, education campaigns, remove rubbish bins

17
Q

Describe the stages of freeze-thaw weathering

A

Water gets into cracks in rocks and freezes.
Water expands as it freezes and crack is made wider.
The ice melts and the pressure on the rock is released.

18
Q

As the process of freeze-thaw weathering continues, rocks break apart in sharp, angular pieces called what ?

A

Scree

19
Q

Describe the formation of a corrie during glaciation.

A

Ice freezes onto rocks on the back wall of the hollow and as it moves, it plucks rocks from the landscape. This helps to create a steep back wall. Rocks on the back wall are also removed by freeze-thaw weathering. Rocks frozen in the base of the ice act like sandpaper and deepens the hollow by abrasion. The rotational movement of the ice helps to create a deep hollow and a rock lip is formed by over-deepening.

20
Q

explain how a corrie is formed

A

Snow accumulates in a hollow, compresses to ice and begins to move, plucking steepens the back wall and abrasion deepens the hollow, freeze-thaw adds debris. When the ice melts a tarn may form

21
Q

Describe and explain the conflicts which can arise between land uses within the lake district

A

tourism, farming, conservation, and quarrying.
Tourism vs. Farming: Walkers can damage crops or disturb livestock by leaving gates open.Quarrying vs. Tourism: Quarrying scars the landscape, reducing its appeal to tourists.
Tourism vs. Locals: Traffic congestion and second homes increase house prices, making it hard for locals to afford housing

21
Q

explain how an arete and pyramidal peak are formed

A

A narrow ridge between two corries is formed when erosion from two corries are back to back - arete. Formed when three or more corries erode a mountain from all sides

22
Q

Describe and explain the solutions adopted to deal with the conflicts within the lake district

A

Footpath Repair: Stone pitching and re-routing paths to reduce erosion from walkers.Education: Signs and campaigns encourage responsible behaviour, such as closing gates and taking litter home.Traffic Management: Park-and-ride schemes and improved public transport reduce congestion.Planning Restrictions: Limits on quarrying and second home ownership protect landscapes and support local communities.

23
Q

What is a misfit stream

A

A misfit stream is a small river or stream that flows through a large U-shaped glacial valley. It is “misfit” because its size is too small to have created the valley, which was formed by a much larger glacier during glaciation.

N5 Geography (1 decks)

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