Glaciated uplands Flashcards
what is plucking?
when a glacier freezes to the underlying landscape and rips out rocks as it moves downhill.
what is abrasion in the mountains?
rocks plucked out freeze to the bottom of the glacier and scour away the underlying landscape as it moves, having a sandpaper effect
what is freeze-thaw weathering?
water enters cracks in rock and expands as it freezes, widening the crack. When repeated it weakens and eventually breaks the rock.
Describe a corrie?
deep, steep sided horseshore shaped hollow high on a mountainside.
name an example of a corrie
Red tarn
name an example of an arete
striding edge
Describe an arete?
steep, narrow ridge that forms between two corries back to back.
name an example of a pyramidal peak
Striding edge
Describe a pyramidal peak?
sharp pointed peak atop a mountain that forms when three or more corries form back to back.
Describe a u-shaped valley?
wide, flat bottomed and steep sided valley.
name an example of a u-shaped valley
Langdale
How many corries does an arete need to form?
Two
How many corries does a pyramidal peak need to form?
Three
In what direction does snow gather in a hollow?
North
Why do glaciers move downhill?
Gravity
What can be found on the bottom of a u-shaped following once the glaciers have melted?
Misfit stream or ribbon loch
what process of erosion has a sandpaper effect?
Abrasion
what is a truncated spur?
craggy and steep area of land at the endge of a u-shaped valley/ chopped off interlocking spur
how do glaciers affect interlocking spurs in a v-shaped valley?
what does a truncated spur look like on a OS map?
A ridge of land that leads towards the valley and is suddenly cut-off. Steep and craggy area on the side of a u-shaped valley.
why is sheep farming common in the Cairgorms?
sheep are hardy and can survive the harsh conditions, unsuitable for growing crops, poor climate and slopes are too steep for machinery
why is recreation and tourism common in the Cairngorms?
lochs for watersports, mountains to walk, winter sports in the corries, amazing scenery, good services and transport links.
what is sheep worrying?
when dogs let off the lead scare or attack sheep leading to miscarriage or death, costing the farmer time and money.
Why does leaving gates open disrupt farming activities?
allows animals to escape meaning farmers have to spend hours rounding them up again
What does inconsiderate parking disrupt farming activities?
prevents farms from accessing their fields and going about their daily business
what do tourists do to annoy farmers?
leave gates open allowing animals to escape, park in front of gates not giving them access to fields, litter, let dogs of leads leading to sheep worrying
why is sheep worrying a problem for farmers?
dogs can scare the sheep into death or miscarriage, leading to a loss of profits for the farmer
What do farmers do to annoy tourists?
restrict access at certain times of year eg lambing and farm vehicles slow traffic on local roads
describe two solutions to the conflicts between famers and tourists.
national park plan, park rangers employed, signs, volunteers, education campaigns, remove rubbish bins
Describe the stages of freeze-thaw weathering
Water gets into cracks in rocks and freezes.
Water expands as it freezes and crack is made wider.
The ice melts and the pressure on the rock is released.
As the process of freeze-thaw weathering continues, rocks break apart in sharp, angular pieces called what ?
Scree
Describe the formation of a corrie during glaciation.
Ice freezes onto rocks on the back wall of the hollow and as it moves, it plucks rocks from the landscape. This helps to create a steep back wall. Rocks on the back wall are also removed by freeze-thaw weathering. Rocks frozen in the base of the ice act like sandpaper and deepens the hollow by abrasion. The rotational movement of the ice helps to create a deep hollow and a rock lip is formed by over-deepening.
explain how a corrie is formed
Snow accumulates in a hollow, compresses to ice and begins to move, plucking steepens the back wall and abrasion deepens the hollow, freeze-thaw adds debris. When the ice melts a tarn may form
Describe and explain the conflicts which can arise between land uses within the lake district
tourism, farming, conservation, and quarrying.
Tourism vs. Farming: Walkers can damage crops or disturb livestock by leaving gates open.Quarrying vs. Tourism: Quarrying scars the landscape, reducing its appeal to tourists.
Tourism vs. Locals: Traffic congestion and second homes increase house prices, making it hard for locals to afford housing
explain how an arete and pyramidal peak are formed
A narrow ridge between two corries is formed when erosion from two corries are back to back - arete. Formed when three or more corries erode a mountain from all sides
Describe and explain the solutions adopted to deal with the conflicts within the lake district
Footpath Repair: Stone pitching and re-routing paths to reduce erosion from walkers.Education: Signs and campaigns encourage responsible behaviour, such as closing gates and taking litter home.Traffic Management: Park-and-ride schemes and improved public transport reduce congestion.Planning Restrictions: Limits on quarrying and second home ownership protect landscapes and support local communities.
What is a misfit stream
A misfit stream is a small river or stream that flows through a large U-shaped glacial valley. It is “misfit” because its size is too small to have created the valley, which was formed by a much larger glacier during glaciation.
