glaciated landscapes

Question 1

what is a Neve

Answer 1

the fresh snow that gradually becomes compact

Question 2

what is a firn

Answer 2

when the snow become more and more compact over the years

Question 3

what are some inputs for glaciated structures

Answer 3

Snow, kinetic energy from the wind, thermal energy from the sun and potential energy from the position it is on, on the slop

Question 4

what is accumulation

Answer 4

the overall gain in mass for glaciers. For example more layers of ice squeezingg air out of the glacier occurs during colder months

Question 5

Why is it important for glaciers to have rock fragment and where are they found?

Answer 5

found on the surface or under the ice. This adds mass to the glacier. It also allows erosion so that the glacier to create landforms like truncated spurs or glaciated valleys

Question 6

Describe the input of snow to a glacier

Answer 6

Snow will gradually become compact. Then over years snow will become more and more compact forming ice adding weight to the glacier squeezing out the air making the glacier look blue

Question 7

what does glaciers have

Answer 7

a very high albedos (a measurement of the reflectivity of a surface)

Question 8

describe the input of thermal energy to a glacier

Answer 8

It can cause it to melt or evaporate or lose some of its mass

Question 9

What is sublimation

Answer 9

When the ice becomes water vapour without melting due to the heat

Question 10

what is ablation and how does it effect a glacier

Answer 10

It’s when ice melts and it becomes meltwater which helps the glacier move faster as it acts as a lubricant between the bedrock and the glacier

Question 11

what does the term rock flour mean

Answer 11

when melt water transport materials left from melted glaciers it appears grey or brown because it has a high content of rock materials in it

Question 12

Examples of output for glaciated structures

Answer 12

meltwater and ablation

Question 13

Describe the movement of cold base glaciers

Answer 13

found in higher latitudes like Antarctica but since temps are low they dont have meltwater so they freeze onto the bedrock. they move by Internal flow

Question 14

Describe the movement of hot base glaciers

Answer 14

found in lower and higher latitudes like the French alp. They have meltwater which will lubricate the ice helping slide down as they are in warmer temperatures and they usually have steep relief

Question 15

What are the 2 internal processes and describe them

Answer 15

inter granular movement- ice crystals slip against each other and the movement can occur within crystals along a line of weakness
plastic flow- when ice is under pressure it folds and moulds on itself like plastic

Question 16

what does basal slippage mean

Answer 16

when the meltwater acts like a lubricant helping the ice slide over the bedrock

Question 17

what is regelation

Answer 17

as ice moves it can force itself over and obstacle which can cause melting due to the higher pressure. When the pressure is reduced it creeps then refreezes

Question 18

what is extending flow

Answer 18

When the gradient is steep the ice accelerates therefore the ice becomes thinner

Question 19

what is compressing flow

Answer 19

when the gradient is gentle the ice decelerates so the ice becomes thicker

Question 20

what does glacial budget mean

Answer 20

when there is a balance between accumulation and ablation

Question 21

(Positive regime) what happens when there is more amount of accumulation than ablation

Answer 21

the top part of the glacier will cause the glacier to move down quicker as there is more mass. mostly found in the winter

Question 22

(Negative regime) what happens when there is more amount of ablation than accumulation

Answer 22

the Lower end of the glacier will cause the glacier to move more slower and it will melt faster than it can be replaced so it will retreat. mostly found in the summer

Question 23

Describe the formation of a corrie

Answer 23

1) accumulation occurs in a hollow in the mountain. It becomes a firn. Due to the ice becoming more compact it increases pressure and melts the sole of the glacier. This moves the ice (rotational slip)
2) Above the glacier freeze-thaw is occurring. When the ice thaws and refreezes within cracks of the rock. Every time it happens a chunk of rock (spree) falls onto of the glacier. Eventually it will sink with other debris.
3) due to rotational slip the debris at the bottom of the glacier moves with it which cause abrasion
4) plucking occurs as the ice melts and then refreezes around a large rock. This steepens the bakcwall

Question 24

What is the term for glacial material that has been deposited

Answer 24

Boulder clay or till

Question 25

What is drift

Answer 25

The term describe for glacially deposited materials

Question 26

What is lodgement till

Answer 26

Subglacial material deposited by moving glaciers

Question 27

What is ablation till

Answer 27

Material that is formed at the snout of the glacier where the ice melts