Glacial landscapes

Question 1

What are the 3 types of glacial erosion?

Answer 1

1. Abrasion
2. Plucking
3. Freeze-thaw weathering

Question 2

What is Abrasion?

Answer 2

The sandpaper effect of glacial ice scouring the floor and sides of a valley.

Question 3

What is plucking?

Answer 3

A process of erosion where rocks are pulled from the valley floor as water freezes them to a glacier

Question 4

What is freeze-thaw weathering?

Answer 4

A common process in glacial environments involving repeated cycles of freezing and thawing that can weaken or crack rocks.

Question 5

What is deposition?

Answer 5

When the ice melts and the glacier therefore drops any material it is carrying, most deposition occurs at the front of the glacier.

Question 6

How is Corrie formed?

Answer 6

1. Snow collects in the hollow of a mountain and compacts into ice
2. Freeze-thaw affects the landscape, weakening the rock.
3. A glacier is created, overflowing the hollow and begins to flow downhill.
4. Plucking begins to happen.
5. Abrasion happens.
   6.all the processes deepen the hollow
6. After glaciation and the ice melts away leaving a Corrie.

Question 7

How is a tarn formed?

Answer 7

The name given to a deep lake which sometimes forms in the hollow of a Corrie, once the glacial ice has melted.

Question 8

How is an Arête formed?

Answer 8

A knife-edged ridge. It is formed when2 neighbouring carries run back to back. As each glacier erodes either side of the ridge, the edge becomes steeper and the ridge becomes narrower.

Question 9

How is a pyramidal peak formed?

Answer 9

if 3 or more carries have formed in a mountain, erosion may lead to the formation of a single peak rather than a ridge. This feature is called a pyramidal peak.

Question 10

How is a hanging valley formed?

Answer 10

These occur when glaciers at higher levels than the main valley didn’t experience such powerful erosion. Tributary streams enter the valley as waterfalls from these.

Question 11

What is Moraine?

Answer 11

The name given for any material which is being transported or carried along bay a glacier, usually referring to to rock.

Question 12

How are truncated spurs formed?

Answer 12

When spurs (ridges along a valley side forming y rivers) are cut through by a glacier, causing them to be “truncated”

Question 13

What are the 4 types or moraine?

Answer 13

1. Lateral
2. Medial
3. Ground
4. Terminal

Question 14

Explain where and what lateral moraine is?

Answer 14

1. Forms at the edge of the glacier
2. Mostly scree material that has fallen off the valley sides due to freeze-thaw weathering.
3. When the ice melts this moraine will form low ridges on the valley sides.

Question 15

Explain where and what medial moraine is?

Answer 15

1. When 2 glaciers meet their separate lateral moraines
   will merge to produce a line of sediment that runs down the centre of the
   main glacier.
2. You can have numerous lines of medial moraine if more tributary glaciers join the main glacier.
3. On melting, medial moraine forms a small ridge in the middle of the valley.

Question 16

Explain what and where ground moraine is.

Answer 16

1. This is the rock and other material dragged underneath the glacier
2. This will be left behind when the ice malts often forming uneven hilly ground.
3. Created through plucking and contributs to abrasion.

Question 17

Explain what and where terminal moraine is?

Answer 17

1.Huge piles of material pile up at the snout of the glacier.
2.forming a high ridge that can often be 10s of meters high across the valley.
3. This ridge marks the furthest extent of the glaciers advance hence the name terminal.

Question 18

What is a drumlin?

Answer 18

Drumlins are smooth egg shaped hills abt 10 metres high and several hundred metres long that are found in clusters on the floor of a glacial trough.
Made of moraine that has been streamlined and shaped by moving ice.