GK Flashcards
Battery Volts/Amps
24 Volt, 42 Amp-hr
Starter/Generator volts/amps
28 volt 300 amp
Aux Bat volts/amps
24 volt, 5 amp hr
What does the aux bat power?
Stby ADI, Airspeed indicator lighting, altitude lighting, turn an slip indcator and compass lighting. Fire warning system 1
Tire Pressures
Nose gear: 120 +/-5 psi
Main gear: 185 +/-5 psi (limited to 600 fpm or 3.7 Gs)
Main gear: 225 +/-5 psi (limited to 700 fpm)
Battery Start required voltages w/o external power
23.5 volts (24 local) below requires external power
No external power below 22Volts
Max IOAT for start
80 degrees C
Maneuvering airspeed Vmo
227 KIAS
Max zero g load time
5 seconds
Max inverted flight time
15 seconds
Icing procedures and limitations
light rime, 5000 ft band only. Maintain 30 degrees bank or less and 0-2 Gs. Increase landing speed by 10 KIAS
Propellor stats: (length)
97” diameter hartzell 4 blade constant speed variable pitch non reversing
Turbulence/thunderstorm penetration procedures
Recommended airspeed: 180 KIAS
Do not exceed: 195 KIAS
When do you need to re-compute weight and balance?
Solo passenger over 260 lbs. Rear passenger over 260 lbs. Combined passengers and gear over 500 lbs. Fuel over 1100 lbs. Baggage compartment over 10 lbs.
AOA indcations
18 units - stall
Max Range: 4.9 units (triangle)
Max endurance: 8.8 units (diamond)
Generator power limitations
In flight: -2 to 50 amps.
Ground/inflight: 28.0-28.5 volts
Below 25 volts, battery will not charge and expect the battery to deplete
Best Glide (clean and dirty)
Clean: 125 KIAS (1350 FPM sink rate) Glide ratio of 2.0
Dirty: 105 Kias (1500 FPM sink rate) Glide Ratio of 1.6
If windmilling, your glide ratio is only 1.0
Stick shaker comes on
5-10 knots above stall
Power-on stall entry parameters
Power at Entry: 30-60% Torque
• Pitch at Entry: 15-40 degrees nose high
• Bank: 0 degrees for straight ahead, 20-30 degrees for turning stall
• Approximate altitude loss: 1,500-2,000 feet for full series starting at 160 KIAS
Power on stall recovery is complete when:
Recovery is complete when the aircraft is wings level, climbing, and not decelerating
ELP Stalls Entry Parameters
Entry Parameters:
• Power at Entry: 4-6% Torque
• Pitch at Entry: As required to maintain 125 (clean) or 120 (configured) KIAS glide
• Bank: 0 degrees for straight ahead, 30 degrees for turning
C4 Phasetest GK
ELP stalls altitude loss per stall
Glide to high key: 300 ft
High key to low key: 800 ft
Low key to touchdown: 900 ft
Total altitude losss: 2000 Feet, however the 248 also says that a whole series will take up to 4,000 Feet
TP stalls entry parameters
Entry Parameters:
• Power at Entry: 10-15% Torque, idle to induce stall
• Configuration: gear down, flaps any position
• Bank: 30 degrees for turning, 0 degrees for straight ahead
Dual only maneuvers
Stalls Stability Demonstrations Nose-High Recoveries Nose-Low Recoveries Inverted Recoveries Uncontrolled Airfield Operations OCF Recoveries ELPs or any other simulated engine-out maneuvers Flaps up patterns or landings Straight-in approaches Slow-flight maneuvers Rolling takeoffs Low-closed patterns Low level navigation
Zoom capabilities at 200 KIAS
600 - 900 feet gained
Zoom capabilities at 250 KIAS
1170-1550 feet gained
How do you zoom?
Initiate a 2G pullup to 20 degrees nose high and then execute a 0 to .5 G bunt to intercept desired airspeed
How do you know if you are in an incipient spin?
Oscillation, fully deflected turn needle, stalled AOA, Airspeed accelerating or decelerating towards steady state airspeeds
• Lasts approx. 2 turns
How do you know if you are in a steady state spin?
Steady state spin
o Altitude loss is 4500 ft for 6-turn spin (750 ft/turn)
How does the PMU protect the engine during a spin?
At above 10,000 feet PA, the PMU maintains idle above 80% to protect the engine
Airstart speed windows:
SL to 15,000 feet: 125 knots to 200 KIAS
15,001 to 20,000 ft: 135 knots to 200 KIAS
How long will the starter take to drain the battery if left in manual?
10 min
After loss of all electrical power, how long will the standby attitude indicator continue to work?
9 min (accuracy to within 6 degrees of bank)
What altitude is a restricted low approach flown to?
500 ft AGL
Low approaches simply mean do not touch down
What speeds do you add the gust factor to?
Increase final approach speed by 1/2 the gust factor up to 10 knots. Gusty winds do not affect final turn airspeeds
How long are preflight inspections good for?
72 hours. If flow - end of the day.
How long are tire pressure checks good for?
6 hours. If flown, good till the end of the day
What’s the difference between an “X”, “-“, or “/” on 781?
- / Minor Maintenance
- – Inspection overdue
- X Aircraft is unsafe for flight
What are the pattern priorities at Sheppard?
- Emergencies
- Low Closed Patterns
- Minimum Fuel
- Formation
- Radar Entry
- Established in Pattern
- Re-entry
- VFR Entry
When would you connect auxiliary power?
- Motoring the engine
- Battery voltage below 23.5v (24.0 local)
- Tailwind of +10 knots
What are the 5 reasons to abort a start?
• Hot, Hung, No, BAT BUS, PCL/ST READY
What are the 6 reasons to perform emergency engine shutdown on the ground?
• Chip light, Fire, Other, Depart Prepared surface, Prop Strike, Fuel Flow >800
What are the 3 phases of a spin?
• Post stall gyrations, incipient phase, steady state spin
What does the -1 say about expectations for an abort regarding reaction times and airspeed?
• 3sec Recognize decision and PCL to Idle. 3 sec to apply max braking. 20 knots gained. TO distance accounts for condition of runway and how much distance it takes to stop the A/C by the end of the runway.
If you are solo at Sheppard status changes to birds moderate what does that mean for you?
• Solo students can only perform a maximum of 3 patterns
What if it is birds moderate at Hacker and you are solo?
• Carry straight through initial and depart the pattern
What are the taxi speeds in each area?
• Do not exceed 10 knots when entering/exiting any area where jets are parked. Do not exceed 15 knots on the ENJJPT ramp outside of the parking rows, or 25 knots on any taxiway.
How long will an air-start take to get useful power?
• 40sec
How much altitude do you expect to lose during the air-start?
• 1,200ft
When can you not call “In the Break”?
• St In 5-2, Report HK-LK, Orbiting HK, traffic spacing abeam or past
When can you not request closed?
• St In 5-2, Report HK-LK, Orbiting HK, Initial-Break, traffic spacing
What systems you might lose as a result of a battery bus failure?
• Bleed Air inflow • EADI • All Trim (and TAD) • Intercom • Primary UHF • GPS • FCP EFIS control panel C4 Phasetest GK • Airstart capability and boost pump • AEDD • OIL PX and HYD FLO transducers
Emergency radios in the SSK are:
- PRC-90
* URT-33 personal locator radio beacon
Define Bubble hopping
• Being on profile for a near field and climbing so as to be on profile for a further, but more desirable, field is called ―bubble hopping.
Know your HAPL math including the 1% loss of gliding distance for each knot of headwind
- ½ DME = Key (4200 or 4000 HK; 2700 or 2500 LK)
* 1% loss of gliding distance /knot of headwind
Describe the fire warning system
- Helium in outer (average)
- Hydrogen in inner core (for localized)
- Not affected by kinks, etc
- Fire 1 is on AUX BAT
Maximum braking capacity in foot pounds?
• 3.96 million ft lbs
Indications that the low pressure fuel pump failed
Illumination of the boost pump and Fuel PX on the CWS
Altitude restrictions for different pattern status
- Dual Only – 2500/3-5
- Unrestricted/ Solos to Pattern only/ Formation solo/ solos to selected areas / Solos to Hacker– 2500/5
- Restricted Pattern – 1900-2500/3
- Sim Instruments - 500-1900/2
- Alt Instruments – Mins/ Mins-500
Depating Hacker, what altitude range can you fly outbound:
3300-5500 to SPS
3300-7500 to areas
When must you do a static takeoff?
Formations, night flights, and student solos.
When advised to maintain runway heading, what will you do?
Maintain runway heading, do not climb above 1,500 ft MSL and do not turn crosswind or request closed. If no further instructions are recieved 2 miles past departure end, query the controller
Pattern altitudes:
Pattern: 1,000 ft AGL Low Key: 1,500 ft AGL High Key: 2,500-3,000 AGL Cross Key: 2,300 AGL (recommended) Breakout: 2,000 AGL High pattern: 2,500 AGL
Aileron Roll Entry Parameters
180-220 KIAS
Power: 80% to MAX
Attitude: Wings level, 20-30 degrees nose high
Altitude required: 1,000 feet above entry altitude
Energy Neutral
FCP Aileron roll visual reference
Clock is approximately on the horizon at 20 degrees nose high. At 30 degrees nose high, the stby airspeed indicator is on the horizon
Loop Entry Parameters
230-250 KIAS MAX Power Altitude required: 3,000 feet above entry altitude. Energy Neutral Smooth pull to 3-4 Gs
What is the airspeed you anticipate over the top of the loop?
100-120 KIAS
Slip/Skid Definitions
A skid is caused by insufficient bank angle in relation to the turn rate of the aircraft.
A slip is caused by too much bank angle in relation to the turn rate of the aircraft. Insufficient bottom rudder pressure in relation to the aileron pressure results in a slip.
Land as soon as possible/practical/land at pilot’s discretion
Possible: Declare emergency. Land at nearest suitable landing area
Practical: Terminate mission. Immediate landing may not be necessary
Land at Pilots discretion: make a sound decision
Touchdown speeds for each configuration
No Flap: 85-100 KIAS (Target is 90)
T/O: 80-95 KIAS (Target is 85)
LDG: 75-90 KIAS (Target is 80)
Final Turn airspeeds for all configurations
No Flap: 120
T/O: 115
Landing: 110
** OR on-speed AOA, whichever is higher.
How far from the threshold should you roll out on final?
.5-.75 miles
Inside downwind spacing is how far from the runway?
0.7-1.0 miles
Low key spacing is how far from the runway (wing reference)
2/3 of the win, or filler cap on the RWY
ORM 321
Aircrews will not descend below 2,000 ft unless:
On profile, runway in sight, maneuvering to land. At 300 ft make the final ejection decision. At 200 ft, the gear should be extended, and at 100 feet you should be on centerline
T-6 Dimensions
Length: 33'4" Wingspan: 33'5" Elevator surface width: 11' 4" Height to top of vertical stabilizer: 10'8" Prop diameter: 97"
Annunciators for Engine Failure
PMU Status and Fail Gen Obogs fail Fuel PX Oil PX
Gen Bus Inop Annunciators
Gen Bus, TAD fail, Fuel Bal, TAD off
When can you get RED oil PX light?
Oil PX 15psi or below at idle, Oil PX 40 psi or below above idle
When do you get an amber oil PX light?
Oil PX from 15-40 psi at idle
Oil PX from 40-90 psi for 10 seconds above idle
When do you get amber and red oil PX lights?
Oil PX from 15-40 psi at idle for more than 5 seconds
Red fuel PX light comes on when?
Less than 10psi in the motive flow line
When does the fuel low annunciator come on?
Less than 110 lbs in the respective tank
When does the fuel balance light come on?
If fuel is unbalanced by 30 lbs for 2 minutes
What components are on the hot battery bus?
Clock, ELT, Ram air valve, Battery switch, OBOGS, FDR, Dump valve, Emergency Flaps
Hacker pattern priorities
Emergencies Low Closed pattern Formations Radar entries Re-entry from breakout VFR entry Established in the pattern
Unrestricted Status is
4000 MSL ceiling. At least 5 mile visibility.
Solo to pattern only status is:
3500 MSL ceiling. Visibility at 5sm. No hacker/area solos
Dual only
No student solos. 3500 MSL ceiling, 3-5mile visibility
Dual Crosswind
Same as dual only, except expect crosswinds to be 15-25 knots
Restricted patterns
No Solos. 3 SM visibility. Ceiling is 2900-3499 MSL
Sim Instruments
T6s and T38 launch and recover simultaneously. 2 SM visibility and ceilings of 1500 to 1899 MSL
Alternating Instruments
Published minimums or better visibility required. Ceilings below 1500 ft MSL.
Tire wear standards:
Local: no red cords
Out and back: 3 cords max
XC: 2 cords max
Nose gear: NO Cords
