Give me flash cards of what 9th graders should be learning in Biology, mainly evolution
What is evolution?
The process by which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.
True or False: Evolution is a linear process.
False
Fill in the blank: The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin is called __________.
natural selection
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a key component of evolution? A) Mutation B) Genetic Drift C) Migration D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
True or False: Artificial selection is a type of natural selection.
False
Fill in the blank: __________ is the change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
Evolution
What is genetic drift?
A mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies in a population.
Multiple choice: Which example best illustrates natural selection? A) A farmer breeding cows for milk production B) A population of rabbits changing color to blend with their environment C) A storm wiping out a large portion of a population D) All of the above
B) A population of rabbits changing color to blend with their environment
What is adaptation?
A trait that enhances an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
False
Fill in the blank: The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time is called __________.
biogeography
What is a fossil?
The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.
Multiple choice: Which of the following provides evidence for evolution? A) Fossil records B) Comparative anatomy C) Molecular biology D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is a homologous structure?
An anatomical feature in different species that is similar due to shared ancestry.
True or False: Convergent evolution results in analogous structures.
True
Fill in the blank: The concept that the Earth is old enough for evolution to occur is supported by __________ dating.
radiometric
What is speciation?
The process by which new species arise from existing species.
Multiple choice: Which type of speciation occurs when populations are separated by physical barriers? A) Allopatric B) Sympatric C) Parapatric D) None of the above
A) Allopatric
What is the role of mutations in evolution?
Mutations introduce new genetic variation, which can be acted upon by natural selection.
True or False: Evolution can be observed in real-time.
True
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
Convergent evolution
What is a vestigial structure?
A body part that has lost its original function through evolution.
