GIT —> Salivation Flashcards
Saliva ?
Saliva, has so many important functions, e.g : it’s really important for being able to hydrate the oral cavity, helps lubricate the food that we actually ingest and chew up and swallow, to make it more of a nice compact mass (bolus). It’s good for hygiene of the mouth.
What are the types of enzymes found in the GIT ?
The Digestive enzymes consists of two types of enzymes:
- Salivary amylase
- Lingual lipase
What is the Function of each type of enzymes?
- Salivary amylase enzyme, helps with digestion and chemically break down polysaccharides.
- Lingual lipas enzyme, pretty good at breaking down lipids
What are the Types of salivation (salivary glands)?
We have two types :
- Extrinsic salivary glands (outside the oral cavity)
- Intrinsic salivary glands (inside the oral cavity)
What are the glands found in extrinsic salivary gland?
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular
- Sublingual glands
What are the glands found in intrinsic salivary gland ?
- Buccal glands
- Labia glands (for the lips)
- Palatine glands
What is the difference between extrinsic salivary glands and intrinsic salivary glands?
1- Intrinsic: they are secreting saliva at a constant rate, but only account for 10% of the salivary volume.
2- Extrinsic : they are secreted based upon a stimulus ( e.g types of chewing reflexes). It account of 90% of the saliva volume.
How extrinsic glands works if the glands are outside the oral cavity ?
They have ducts, that can travel from the glands to the oral cavity.
- In parotid, through parotid ducts
- In submandibular, through submandibular ducts
- In Sublingual, through sublingual ducts
What are the type of cells found in these ducts (in extrinsic glands)
- Serous cells
- Mucous cells
What are the receptors found in the oral cavity ?
- Chemoreceptors (stimulants by acidic)
- Mechanoreceptors ( stimulants by chewing)
What is the parasympathetic nervous system effects on salivating?
- It acts on Cranial nerve 7&9. They increase the volume of saliva, water and electrolytes rich.
What is the Sympathetic nervous system effects on salivating?
- From T1 to T4, it’s focusing on saliva that is protein rich, because of that it will become ticker/viscous.
Ions found inside a gland include?
- k+ (potassium)
- Na+ (sodium)
- Cl- (chloride)
- HCO3- (bicarbonate)
- H2O
The special proteins found in a gland?
- Aquaporins
How H2O enters the gland ?
There is 3 ways possible:
- Through Aqua porine-5
- Through Aqua porine-3
- H2O can move between the cells, we called it Para cellular transport
