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GASTRO > GIT Pathology > Flashcards

GIT Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

painful
canker ulcers
ass with crohn’s disease

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2
Q

Behcet syndrome

A

triad of;
aphthous ulcers
genital ulcers
uveitis

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3
Q

oral herpes

A

HSV1
Virus remains dormant in trigeminal nerve ganglion

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4
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

precursor lesions;
leukoplakia
erythroplakia
(cannot be scraped off)
Diff from ORAL CANDIDIASIS THRUSH AND HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA, as they can be SCRAPED OFF

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5
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

benign
mobile,painless,circumscribed
may progress to Ca and involve FACIAL NERVE

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6
Q

warthins tumor

A

Cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers
benign
no facial nerve involved

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7
Q

plummer vinson syndrome

A

triad of;
esophageal web
beefy red tongue
Fe def anemia

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8
Q

zenkers diverticulum

A

false diverticulum
at the juction of eso and pharynx

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9
Q

mallory weiss syndrome

A

longitudinal ulcers at GE junction
painful hematemesis

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10
Q

Boerhavv syndrome

A

esophygeal rupture leading to;
air in mediastinum
subcutaneous emphysema

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11
Q

esophageal varices

A

caused by portal HTN
Painless hematemesis

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12
Q

achalasia

A

dec eso motility
dec relaxation of LES
Ass with MYENTERIC PLEXUS DAMAGE and CHAGAS DISEASE
( Trypanosoma Cruzi)
BIRD BEAK Sign

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13
Q

eso adenocarcinoma

A

proliferation of gandular cells
from preexist BARRETES ESOPHAGUS
lower 1/3 os eso

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14
Q

eso squamous cells Ca

A

proliferation of sq ceells
upper or middle 1/3
MOST COMMON ESO CA
causes;
achalasia
eso web
eso injury
alc, hot tea

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15
Q

eso sq cell carcinoma is also associated with

A

hoarse voice(recurrent laryngeal nerve)
cough (tracheal involvement)

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16
Q

pyloric stenosis presentation

A

non bilious vomit
visible paristalsis
olive like mass in the abd

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17
Q

curling ulcer

A

occurs in BURN PTS
loss of skin>fluid loss> dehydration>hypotension to stomach>mucosal damage>ulcer

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18
Q

cushing ulcer

A

inc ICP
Inc stimulation of vagus nerve
inc acid prod

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19
Q

H.pylori treatment

A

triple therapy
modified triple therapy
quadruple therapy

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20
Q

testsfor H. pyori

A

urea breath test
stool antigen test

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21
Q

if duodenal ulcer in post wall

A

rupture of GSTRODUODENAL ARTERY

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22
Q

gastric ulcers

A

lesser curvature
left gastric artery involved

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23
Q

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

A

Large
Irregular
Heaped up margins
Lesser curvature
Ass with intestinal metaplasia(h.pylori or autoimmune gastritis) ,nitrosamines , blood group A
May SPREAD TO periumblical region ( SISTER MARY JOSEPH NODULE)

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24
Q

diffused type gastric Ca

A

SIGNET RING Cells
not ass with h.pylori
desmoplasia (linitus plastica)
lesser trelat sign
spreads to left supraclavicular nodes(VIRCHOW NODES)
May SPREAD TO bilateral OVARIES (KRUKERBER TUMOR)

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25
Q

Duodenal atrasia

A

double bubble sign

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26
Q

meckels diverticulum

A

true diverticulum
failure of vitelline duct to involute bt week 10
2 in long located in small bowel within 2 feet of ilocecal wall

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27
Q

volvulus

A

common in SIGMOID COLON AND CECUM

28
Q

INTUSSESSSPTion

A

COMMON CAUSES;
in children ROTAVIRUS (lymphoid heperplasia)
in adults TUMOR

29
Q

Small bowel obs

A

transmural > thrombus /embolus in sumesenteric art or mesenteric vein
mucosal> marked hypotension
symptoms>
abd pain
bloody diarrhea
dec bowel sounds

30
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis

A

neonatal
terminal illeum
int obs and necrosis

31
Q

celiac disease

A

immune mediated
helper T cell mediated damage of villi
gluten exposure
pathogenic component of gluten> GLIADIN
HLA DQ2 nad DQ8
DERMITITIS HERPETIFORMIS

32
Q

what are the lab findings of celiac disease

A

igA def( as it’s used against tTG or gliadin
Duodenal biopsy ( villi flattening, hyperplasia of crypts, intaepithelial lymphocytes

33
Q

how is tropical sprue diff from celiac disease

A

in tropical regions
after infectious diarrhea and in response to antibiotics
damage to jejunum and illeum

34
Q

whiple disease involve which organism

A

tropheryma whipelli
systemic tissue damage classic site is small bowel lamina propria
steatorhea

35
Q

carcinoid syndrome

A

occurs when tumor metastasized to liver. symptoms;
diarrhea
flushing
bronchospasm

36
Q

in carcinoid tumor

A

inc serotonin
dec tryptophan
inc 5 HIAA in urine

37
Q

f carcinoid metastasized to liver

A

no serotonin metabolized into 5 HIAA
Inc serotonin in systemic circ
carcinoid syndrom
carcinoid heart disease (right sided valves invloved)

38
Q

treament of carcinoid tumor

A

octreotide

39
Q

appendicitis pain is characteristically

A

guarding and rebound pain

40
Q

damaged myenteric(auerbach’s) plexus

A

achalasia
hirshprung disease

41
Q

hirshprungs disease

A

defective relaxation and paarstalsis of rectum and distal sigmoid colon
ass with DOWN SYND

42
Q

clinical features of hirshprung disease

A

failure to pass the MUCONIUM
empty rectum with digital rectal exam
megacolon( prox to obstruction)

43
Q

what’s the diagnostic test for hirshprungs

A

rectal suction biopsy
barium imaging

44
Q

what’s the treatment option for hirshprung

A

surgical ressectionof the involved bowel

45
Q

true and false diverticula

A

True> meckels diverticulum ( failure of vitelline duct to involute )
False> zenker’s ( out pouching of phrngeal mucosaa through defective muscular wall )
False> ( colonic )

46
Q

Symptoms of colonic diverticulum

A

Usually asymptomatic, complications include;
Rectal bleed ( hematochezia) bright red blood
Diverticulitis ( appendicitis kike symptoms
Sigmoid colon
Left lower quadrant)
Colovesicular fistula
Occult blood
Fever
Raised wbcs

47
Q

What’s angiodysplasia?

A

Right colon ( arises in the cecum?
Malformation of capillary bede
Rupture
Bleeding

48
Q

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

Thin walled blood vessels in the mouth and GI tract

49
Q

Ischemic collitis

A

Splenic flexure
Watershed areas of SMA
symptoms;
postprandial pain
weight loss
infarction resulting into pain and bloody diarrhea

50
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

different from IBD in;
disturbed intestinal motility ( immune-mediated inflammation of the bowel)
may cause diarrhea or constipation ( causes diarhea ,bloody or non-bloody)
improves with defecation ( treated with antiinflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies)
major symptoms; bloating ,flatulence,diarrhea/constipation, ( abd pain,repeated diarrhea, usually bloody)

51
Q

Colonic polyps types

A

Hyperplastic
Adenomatous

52
Q

Adenomatous polyps involve?

A

Neoplastic proliferation of glands
Benign but premalignant ( may progress to adenocarcinoma

53
Q

Hyperplastic poplyps involve?

A

Hyperplasia of the glands
No dysplasia or malignant potential

54
Q

What are the screening tests for colonic polyps?

A

Colonoscopy
Fecal occult blood

55
Q

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis etiology?

A

inherited APC mutation
affects the entire colon and rectum
All the affected parts removed prophylactically; otherwise, Ca in 40 yrs

56
Q

gardner syndrome

A

triad of;
FAP( inherited, 100s of adenomatous colon polyps)
FIBROMATOSIS(proliferation of fibroblasts in retroperitoneum)
OSTEOMA( benign tumor of bones)

57
Q

TURCOT SYNDROME

A

FAP with CNS tumors
(medulloblastoma+ glial tumors)

58
Q

juvenial polyp

A

benign
hemartous
solitary usually that prolapses causing painless bleeding
if large in no can cause cancer

59
Q

puetz jeghers syndrome

A

hemartomatous
benign
with freckels on lips genitals

60
Q

colorectasl ca common age group

A

60 to 70 yrs

61
Q

what molecular pathways are involved in colorectal ca

A

adenoma carcinoma sequnce
microsatellite instability pathway

62
Q

colorectal ca is associated with whih dsease

A

strept bovis endocarditis

63
Q

hat is the serum tumor marker for colorectal ca

A

CEA

64
Q

What are soem specific features of MSI pathway

A

right sided
prox ascending colon
fe def anemia
wt loss
exophytic tumors

65
Q

what are the specific features for adenoma carcinoma pathway

A

LLQ Pain
blood streaked stool
change in stool calliber
circumferential lesions

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