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Y2 S1 Microbiology > GIT Infections > Flashcards

GIT Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

General Background about gut infections

A
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2
Q

What Hx questions would you ask about GIT?

A
  • Symptoms
  • Travel
  • Exposure
  • Immune status
  • Current Drugs Taken
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3
Q

What is Gastroenteritis?

A

Characterised by GIT symptoms of nausea, vomiting, Abdom discomfort & diarrhoea

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4
Q

What is Diarrhoea?

A
  • Abnormal faecal discharge
  • Usually disease of small intestine
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5
Q

What is Dystentery?

A

= Blood and pus in the faeces
- Inflamm. disorder of GIT
- Pain, fever, abdom. cramps
- usually disease of large intestine

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6
Q

Describe Typhoid and non-Typhoid Salmonella

A

Typhoidal Salmonella:
- causes Typhoid & Paratyphoid Salmonella -> Enteric Fever
- no animal resevoir
Non-typhoidal Salmonella:
- Majority of Salmonella
- Large animal resevoirs

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis of Salmonella?

A
  • Culture on selective media
  • Rapid molecular methods
  • Blood cultures
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8
Q

What is the treatment of Salmonella?

A
  • Diarrhoea usually resolves w/out treatment
  • Fluid & electrolyte replacement
  • Antibiotics is discouraged
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9
Q

Describe Enteric Fever

A
  • Salmonella typhi & Salmonella paratyphi
  • No animal resevoir
  • Spread via contaminated water/food
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10
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of Enteric Fever?

A
  • IP: 10-14 days
  • Fever, malaise (general discomfort), aches
  • Diarrhoea & constipation
  • Rose spots on skin
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11
Q

What is the diagnosis of Enteric Fever?

A
  • Stool
  • Blood Culture
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12
Q

What is the treatment of Enteric Fever?

A
  • Antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone)
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13
Q

What is the prevention of Enteric Fever?

A
  • Public health measures
  • Vaccination
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14
Q

What are the types of Echerichia Coli and what do they do?

A
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15
Q

What pathogens can cause Shigellosis (AKA Bacillary Dysentery)?

A
  • Shigella sonnei (mild)
  • Shigella flexnerni & Shigella boydii -> more severe
  • Shigella dysenteriae -> most sever
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16
Q

What are symptoms of Shigellosis?

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Diarrhoea
  • Lower abdominal cramps
17
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Shigellosis

A
  • invasion of colonic mucosa
  • cause inflam and mucosal ulceration (break on surface)
  • cause dysentery
18
Q

What is the diagnosis of Shigellosis?

A
  • Culture
  • Rapid molecular tests
19
Q

What is the treatment of Shigellosis?

A
  • Antibiotics for severe cases
  • Rehydration
20
Q

What is Campylobacter jejuni?

A
  • Curved gram negative bacteria
  • large animal resevoir
  • highly infectious
21
Q

Describe the pathology of Campylobacter

A
  • ulceration and inflamed bleeding of mucosal surfaces in
    jejunum and ileum
  • release of cytotoxins
22
Q

What are clinical symptoms of Campylobacter?

A
  • Diarrhoea
23
Q

What is the treatment of Campylobacter?

A
  • most recover w/out treatment
  • antibiotics for severe cases
24
Q

What are clinical features of Cholera?

A
  • severe watery diarrhoea
25
Q

What are treatments for Cholera?

A
  • Oral or IV fluids
  • Antibiotics (Tetracycline, Azithromycin)
  • Vaccine
26
Q

Describe Staphylococcal food poisoning

A
  • Staph aureus produces enterotoxin
  • Causes food poisoning as although food is cooked, bacteria dies but toxin still stable
27
Q

Symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning

A
  • vomiting
28
Q

What is Bacillus cereus?

A
  • Gram positive spore forming bacteria -> spores survive in cooking
  • Spores prod 2 enterotoxins
29
Q

What is Clostridium gastroenteritis?

A
  • Caused by Clostridium perfringens
  • Anaerobic spore forming bacteria -> prod enterotoxins
  • Causes Abdominal pain and Diarrhoea
30
Q

Table of Different Pathogens and their symptoms

A
31
Q

What type of bacteria is Helicobacter pylori?

A
  • Gram negative
32
Q

What are clinical features of H. pylori?

A
  • Commonly asymptomatic
  • Upper abdom pain
  • Nausea
  • Frequent burping
  • Bloating
33
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of H. pylori

A
  • uses Urease to break urea to ammonia and CO2 -> increases pH and provides protection against gastric acid
34
Q

What is the diagnosis of H.pylori?

A
  • Non-invasive urea breath test
  • Faecal H.pylori antigen testing
  • Invasive Methods:
    • Rapid urease test of biopsy
    • PCR
35
Q

What is the treatment of H.pylori?

A
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Antibiotics
36
Q

Describe Noravirus Diarrhoea

A
  • most common cause of diarrhoea
  • also causes nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting & diarrhoea
    Diagnosis:
  • PCR
  • Electron microscopy
37
Q

Describe Rotavirus Dairrhoea

A
  • Causes vomiting and Diarrhoea
  • Potentially some resp symptoms
    Pathophysiology:
    • Causes diarrhoea by damaging transport mechanisms in the gut
      Diagnosis:
    • PCR

Y2 S1 Microbiology (2 decks)

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