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Histology > GIT Histology and more (nerves, glands etc,) > Flashcards

GIT Histology and more (nerves, glands etc,) Flashcards

1
Q

what type of muscle fibres are present in tongue?

A

skeletal

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of inguinal papillae found in the tongue?

A

-filiform/coniform/lentiform
-fungiform
-circum vallate
-foliate

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3
Q

filiform
-function
-appearance
-in cats conifrom is…

A

-mechanical function
-conical structures project upwards giving it a velvety covering
-larger and more keratinised

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4
Q

fungiform
-function
-appearance histologically

A

-taste and sensory function
-mushroom appearence

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5
Q

circum vallate
-function
-APPEARANCE

A

-sensory and taste function
-cat like appearence
-largest and most prominent

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6
Q

foliate papillae
-function
-rare in what species
-common in what species

A

-sensory and taste
domestic species
rabbits

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7
Q

What is the function of keratinisation of the mucosal lining of the oral cavity

A

Protection from damage from ingested material – keratinisation increases the durability of the oral mucosa.

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8
Q

What is the most common type of lingual papilla, and what is its function?

A

Filiform – mechanical papilla, providing traction for moving food material and some protection of the surface of the tongue.

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the taste buds of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal
chorda tympani from facial nerve

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve gives motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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11
Q

what are the 4 salivary glands in the dog

A

mandibular
sublingual
parotid
zygomatic

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12
Q

which salivary gland in dog is a mixed gland?
what does this mean?

A

mandibular; produces both mucus and serous secretions

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13
Q

what unique histological structures are found together only in oesophagus

A

combination of stratified squamous epithelium and submucosal mucous glands

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14
Q

What changes to the epithelium might you expect in ruminants and horses compared to carnivores?

A

Increased keratinisation to cope with the more abrasive herbivorous diet

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15
Q

What is the function of the submucosal mucous glands?

A

Lubrication of the bolus of food as it passes along the oesophagus

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16
Q

what kind of mucosa is found in stomach?

A

secretory

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17
Q

empty stomach has folds or ridges, called…

A

rugae, formed from mucosa and submucosa

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18
Q

what are the 5 main cell types found in mucosa of stomach?

A

mucous/mucin-producing cells
parietal cells
chief cells
neuroendocrine cells
stem cells

19
Q

where are gastric glands found?

A

inner lining of stomach

20
Q

function of mucous cells?

A

mucous secretion for protection of surface cells from acidic gastric juice, produce mucin

21
Q

function of parietal cells (pale-staining)

A

secrete HCl

22
Q

function of chief cells (dark staining)

A

secrete enzymes e.g pepsin

23
Q

function of neuroendorcine cells

A

stimulate secretion of acid and proteases in response to presence of food in stomach

24
Q

function of stem cells

A

replace worn out epithelial cells

25
Q

What is the average life-span of a surface epithelial (mucosal) cell in the stomach?

A

2-3 days

26
Q

What is the function of the mucous secretions from the cardia and pyloric regions of the stomach?

A

Protection of the mucosal surface from damage by the acidic gastric juice.

27
Q

what gland is found in the duodenum?

A

brunners gland

28
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s Glands?

A

Production of an alkaline mucous secretion to neutralise the acidic chyme exiting the stomach through the pylorus and so preventing acidic damage to the mucosa of the small intestine

29
Q

What is the function of the long villi in the jejunum?

A

To increase the surface area for absorption

30
Q

What are the two functions of the mucous produced by the goblet cells in the intestines?

A

Protection of the mucosal surface and lubrication of intestinal content

31
Q

Periodic Acid-Schiff stains what colour?

A

stains carbohydrates purple

32
Q

what is the distinguishing feature of the ileum histologically?

A

peyers patches; dark staining nodules of lymphatic tissue

33
Q

What is the function of Peyer’s patches, and why are they so important in the ileum?

A

They are lymphatic nodules, and involved in immunosurveillance and immune defence. The importance in the ileum is the proximity to the bacterial population of the colon and the risk of invasion of these colonic bacteria into the small intestine.

34
Q

what is the ileocolic junction?
-function

A

A muscular sphincter is present to minimise the movement of material from the colon back into the ileum.

35
Q

does descending colon of the dog contain villi?
what do they contain?

A

NO
crypts of leiberkuhn

36
Q

compared to small intestine, large intestine has a lot more _____ cells?

A

goblet

37
Q

Why are there proportionally more goblet cells in the mucosa of the large intestine compared to the small intestine?

A

Increased lubrication of the forming faeces is required

38
Q

From which organs does the hepatic portal vein bring blood to the liver. What is the functional significance of this?

A

The hepatic portal vein drains blood from the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen and pancreas and carries it directly to the liver (not travelling via the heart). This is so that the liver gets first-pass access to the nutrient-rich blood leaving the gastrointestinal tract, which is important for normal metabolic function.

39
Q

What are the endocrine areas of the pancreas called?

A

Islets of Langerhans

40
Q

Why are pancreatic enzymes released as proenzymes?

A

Prevents autodigestion of the pancreas

41
Q

the entire liver sits in what location?

A

right cranial abdomen

42
Q

what 2 types of cells contribute to composition of pancreatic juice

A

cells of intercalated duct
acinar cells

43
Q

cells of intercalated duct
-produce secretions rich in…
-what are these for?

A

HC03- (alkaline substance)
-neutralise acidic contents and prevent injury
-provide optimal pH for pancreatic juices

44
Q

What do the acinar cells produce?

A

Enzymes

Histology (1 decks)

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