Git commands

Question 1

Create a new repo with git -> set username

Answer 1

git config –global user.name “your name goes here”

Question 2

Create a new repo with Git -> create a repo to work in

Answer 2

mkdir example
cd example
git init
(git init in existing folder is also possible I think)

Question 3

see info about your Git repo

Answer 3

git status

Question 4

add new file to Git repo

Answer 4

git add example.py

Question 5

commit changes with message following the command,
what happens if not using a specific command for message?

Answer 5

git commit -m “creating example.py”
-m is to use the message that follows, otherwise git will bring up an editor to create the commit message

Question 6

how to ignore files in your Git staging area?

Answer 6

with a .gitignore file

Question 7

what files are usually added to a .gitignore file?

Answer 7

__pycache__
venv
env
.pytest_cache
.coverage

Question 8

command to get to know more about gitignore

Answer 8

git help gitignore

Question 9

command to see the history of the commits you made

Answer 9

git log command

Question 10

command to change where we are in our history

Answer 10

git checkout THEHASHOFTHESHAYOUWANTTOGOTO
-> puts you in a ‘detached HEAD’ state
-> no branch is made

Question 11

what is a HEAD?

Answer 11

the SHA you happen to be looking at, at any time.
It means what Git thinks you have checked out.

Question 12

what does ‘detached HEAD’ state mean?

Answer 12

your HEAD is pointing to a SHA that does not have a branch (or label) associated with it

Question 13

after changing to another SHA, how do you get back to where you were? (the last SHA committed to the master branch)

Answer 13

git checkout master

Question 14

what does git checkout master do with the HEAD?

Answer 14

makes the head point to the SHA marked by the label, or branch, master

Question 15

command to create a new branch

Answer 15

git checkout -b my_new_feature

Question 16

command to compare the state of 2 branches

Answer 16

git show-branch my_new_feature master

Question 17

3 main ways to get commits from one branch to another

Answer 17

merging (simplest)
rebasing
cherry-picking

Question 18

what is merging?

Answer 18

Git creates a new commit that combines the top SHAs of 2 branches if it needs to.

Question 19

how to get commit from my_new_feature branch to master branch?

Answer 19

1) git checkout master
2) git merge my_new_feature

Question 20

explain cherry-picking + command

Answer 20

you specify exactly which commits you mean.

git cherry-pick HASHOFTHECOMMITYOUWANTTOADD

very handy when you want a specific change but not the entire branch that change was made on

Question 21

4 major Git commands that talk to remote repos

Answer 21

clone
fetch
pull
push

Question 22

How to make a local copy of a known repository when you have the address

Answer 22

example:

git clone git@github.com:jima80525/github-playground.git

go to the page of repository, click on “clone or download” and get the URI (= .git link) and clone it with the git command

Question 23

what does git fetch do

Answer 23

it updates all of the remotes/origin branches.
it will modify only the branches stored in remotes/origin and not any of your local branches