GIT - CLE Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion

A
  • short term feeding
  • decompression of stomach
  • medication administration
  • gastric lavage
  • oral rehydration
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2
Q

Patient Position for inserting an NGT

A

-

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3
Q

Equipment needed for insertion of an NGT

A
  • gloves
  • tube
  • water based lubricant
  • bluey
  • tape measure
  • syringe
  • tissues
  • glass of water & straw
  • securing tape
  • kidney dish
  • litmus paper
  • spigot
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4
Q

How to measure length of an NGT

A
  • tip of nose to
  • tip of earlobe to
  • xyphoid process
  • mark on tube with tape
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5
Q

Procedure for insertion

A
  • lubricate tube
  • gloves
  • check patency of nostrils - ask preference
  • ask to blow nose (if capable)
  • insert tube gently, push up towards back of nose
  • go slowly & gently
  • ask patient to swallow when tube is in back of throat (while inserting tube)
  • once in stomach, secure to nose with tape
  • spigot or attach to drainage bag
  • test for position - xray, litmus paper
  • once confirmed - measure from tip of nose to end of tube, record measurement
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6
Q

Potential complications of insertion of an NGT

A
  • aspiration (tube into lungs)
  • tissue trauma (if tube unlubricated, tears oesophagus as it goes down)
  • positioning when feeding, temperature of feed, can lead to dumping syndrome (where food passes through stomach too quickly, causes expansion of small intestine, cramping, bloating, pain)
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7
Q

Stoma - Definition

A
  • artificial opening surgically created that brings the bowel to the surface of the abdomen so feces can leave the body
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8
Q

Ileostomy vs Colostomy

A
  • ileostomy
    • formed from ileum in small intestine
    • discharge is liquid or pasty in consistency
    • discharge occurs several times a day, usually after meals, unable to be controlled
  • colostomy - formed from colon in large bowel
    • ascending colostomy = right side of abdomen
    • stool is liquid / semi-liquid, rich in digestive enzymes & irritating to skin surrounding stoma
    • transverse colostomy = middle of abdomen
    • stool is liquid / semi-formed, usually less irritating to surrounding skin
    • descending colostomy = left side of abdomen
    • stool is semi-formed - most of the water has been absorbed as it travels through ascending & transverse sections of the colon
    • sigmoid colostomy = lower left side of abdomen
    • stool has a normal, formed consistency
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9
Q

Types of stoma

A
  • end stoma
    • formed from the end of remaining bowel after permanent removal of remainder of bowel
  • loop stoma
    • created to protect an anastomosis, or aid healing in GIT disease or divert fecal flow in an emergency
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10
Q

Stoma observations

A
  • colour of stoma
  • size of stoma
  • output - consistency, colour, odour
  • any oedema
  • surrounding skin
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11
Q

Signs & symptoms of stoma related complications

A
  • leakage
  • skin damage due to ill fitting appliances
  • odour
  • prolapse
  • hernia (outpouching)
  • stenosis (narrowing)
  • ischemia
  • retraction
  • fistula formation (abnormal connection / passageway, not surgically created)
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