GIT - CLE Flashcards
1
Q
Indications for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion
A
- short term feeding
- decompression of stomach
- medication administration
- gastric lavage
- oral rehydration
2
Q
Patient Position for inserting an NGT
A
-
3
Q
Equipment needed for insertion of an NGT
A
- gloves
- tube
- water based lubricant
- bluey
- tape measure
- syringe
- tissues
- glass of water & straw
- securing tape
- kidney dish
- litmus paper
- spigot
4
Q
How to measure length of an NGT
A
- tip of nose to
- tip of earlobe to
- xyphoid process
- mark on tube with tape
5
Q
Procedure for insertion
A
- lubricate tube
- gloves
- check patency of nostrils - ask preference
- ask to blow nose (if capable)
- insert tube gently, push up towards back of nose
- go slowly & gently
- ask patient to swallow when tube is in back of throat (while inserting tube)
- once in stomach, secure to nose with tape
- spigot or attach to drainage bag
- test for position - xray, litmus paper
- once confirmed - measure from tip of nose to end of tube, record measurement
6
Q
Potential complications of insertion of an NGT
A
- aspiration (tube into lungs)
- tissue trauma (if tube unlubricated, tears oesophagus as it goes down)
- positioning when feeding, temperature of feed, can lead to dumping syndrome (where food passes through stomach too quickly, causes expansion of small intestine, cramping, bloating, pain)
7
Q
Stoma - Definition
A
- artificial opening surgically created that brings the bowel to the surface of the abdomen so feces can leave the body
8
Q
Ileostomy vs Colostomy
A
- ileostomy
- formed from ileum in small intestine
- discharge is liquid or pasty in consistency
- discharge occurs several times a day, usually after meals, unable to be controlled
- colostomy - formed from colon in large bowel
- ascending colostomy = right side of abdomen
- stool is liquid / semi-liquid, rich in digestive enzymes & irritating to skin surrounding stoma
- transverse colostomy = middle of abdomen
- stool is liquid / semi-formed, usually less irritating to surrounding skin
- descending colostomy = left side of abdomen
- stool is semi-formed - most of the water has been absorbed as it travels through ascending & transverse sections of the colon
- sigmoid colostomy = lower left side of abdomen
- stool has a normal, formed consistency
9
Q
Types of stoma
A
- end stoma
- formed from the end of remaining bowel after permanent removal of remainder of bowel
- loop stoma
- created to protect an anastomosis, or aid healing in GIT disease or divert fecal flow in an emergency
10
Q
Stoma observations
A
- colour of stoma
- size of stoma
- output - consistency, colour, odour
- any oedema
- surrounding skin
11
Q
Signs & symptoms of stoma related complications
A
- leakage
- skin damage due to ill fitting appliances
- odour
- prolapse
- hernia (outpouching)
- stenosis (narrowing)
- ischemia
- retraction
- fistula formation (abnormal connection / passageway, not surgically created)