GIT Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a ‘Local Repository’ ?

Answer 1

Files which are stored on your laptop in Git is called Local Repository.Modifications done here in files - Git will maintain history of changes

Question 2

what is the purpose of the command ‘CLONE’ ?

Answer 2

Used to checkout code from remote repository

Question 3

what is a ‘Remote Repository’ ?

Answer 3

The repository on server is called ‘Remote Repository’

Question 4

How do we copy or checkout code from server ?

Answer 4

We can ‘checkout’ code from server ( remote reposiotry ) using the CLONE command.

Question 5

What are ‘HEADS’ ?

Answer 5

This is just a term - by which Git maintains commit history for each branch.

Question 6

How do we see different ‘BRANCHES’ ?

Answer 6

Use the command:

‘git branch’

Question 7

what are ‘TAGS’ ?

Answer 7

This is a useful feature - which allows us to create a SNAPSHOT of code ‘at that point in time’.
This feature is typically used to maintain production released code - so that if ever we cant to go back to a specific version - using this feature we can.

Question 8

How do I see the different tags in my code ?

Answer 8

Use the command:

tag -l

Question 9

How do I create a new branch from an existing tag ?

Answer 9

Typically on first cloning from remote repository we will be in ‘master’.
Now to create a branch - xyz from a specific tag - tag123 - use the command:
git checkout -b xyz tag123
This will create a new branch - xyz
Unlike svn - you will not see any folder for new branch.

Question 10

How does a ‘BRANCH’ in Git differ from SVN ?

Answer 10

There is no folder for a branch.
Only thing is in gitbash - it would show which branch you are working on
when you list all the branches - the branch that you are currently in - will be shown with an *

Question 11

what is the advantage and use of GIT ?

Answer 11

It is distributed ( DVCS ) - so everyone has the completes repository on their desktop.
Commits can be made locally - ‘offline’

Question 12

How do I create a ‘Repo’

Answer 12

Use the command :
git init
This will create a local repo.
This is the starting point

Question 13

what do we mean by ‘UNTRACKED’ ?

Answer 13

Files that are not under GIT control are ‘Untracked’

Question 14

what does the command ‘git status’ do ?

Answer 14

It is used to tell us what has changed since last commit.

Question 15

How do I find changes since my last commit ?

Answer 15

Use the command :

git status

Question 16

How do I see commit history ?

Answer 16

Use the command:

git status

Question 17

what is the typical workflow in GIT ?

Answer 17

One flow is :
Add a file as ‘untracked’
Add file to ‘staging area’
Commit

OR
Modify existing file
Add changed file to ‘staging area’
Commit

Question 18

Explain the ‘untracked’ details in workflow

Answer 18

Lets say you are in a repository.
You create a new file .
Now when you run ‘git status’ - it tells us that we have untracked file present.

Question 19

How do I start ‘tracking’ an ‘untracked’ file ?

Answer 19

To start tracking - simply use the command:
git add
This will change the file from ‘untracked’ to ‘tracked’
The file is now in staging area.
Running the command - git status :
tells us that file is staged and needs to be committed …

Question 20

How do I commit untracked files ?

Answer 20

To commit ‘tracked’ files use the command:
git commit -m ‘’

So this completes the workflow step 3 - commiting files in staging

Question 21

what is ‘MASTER’

Answer 21

xxxx

Question 22

Can I directly commit ‘untracked’ files ?

Answer 22

No - Git will ignore the attempt to commit untracked files.

So first the files must be placed in staging area and only then will git commit work.

Question 23

How do I find files that have been modified but not committed ?

Answer 23

Using the command : git status

This tells us the names of the files that have been modified.

Question 24

How do I undo changes to modified files - essentially revert my changes in GIT ?

Answer 24

Use the command:
git checkout –
This will essentially revert your changes made in file.

Question 25

How do I undo changes made to modified files - using TortoiseGit ?

Answer 25

The changed files will appear with a red icon.
Simply right click on the file and choose :
‘revert’
Now you can choose the modified files you would like to revert thats it !

Question 26

Can I modify a file which is already under git and then commit it directly….. without putting it in staging area ?

Answer 26

No - even if you make changes in a file and fire the command for commit - git will ignore the commit.
Git will infact tell us following message:
‘Changes not staged for commit:’

Question 27

How do I add all the files that I have added or modified to a staging area ?

Answer 27

Use the command:

git add –all

Question 28

what does the following command do:

git add –all

Answer 28

This command will move all untracked files and also all modified files into staging area - thus making them eligible for committing.

Question 29

what does the following command do:

git log

Answer 29

This command will provide commit history details

Question 30

How do I see the commit history details ?

Answer 30

Use the command:

git log