Git Basics

Question 1

How does git store data?

Answer 1

Key value store
Value = Data
Key = Hash of the Data (SHA1)

Question 2

What is a blob?

Answer 2

git stores compressed data in a blob along with metadata

Question 3

What is part of the blob?

Answer 3

identifier: blob
size of the content
0/ delimiter
content

Question 4

How can you get the SHA1 of contents without metadata?

Answer 4

echo ‘Hello world!’ | git hash-object –stdin

Question 5

How can you get the SHA1 of content + metadata?

Answer 5

echo ‘blob 14\0Hello, World!’ | openssl sha1

Question 6

Where are blobs stored?

Answer 6

Inside the objects folder

Question 7

What parts are missing inside the blob?

Answer 7

Filenames and directory structure

Question 8

What kind of metadata is stored in trees?

Answer 8

type of pointer (blob or tree)
filename or directory name
mode (executable file, symbolic link, …)

Question 9

What’s the main purpose of a tree?

Answer 9

Contains pointers (SHA1) to either blobs or other trees

Question 10

What does a commit point to?

Answer 10

a tree

Question 11

What kind of metadata does a commit contain?

Answer 11

author and commiter
date
message
parent commit (one ore more)

Question 12

What’s the SHA1 of a commit?

Answer 12

hash of all the information of a commit

Question 13

How can you get the type of a hash?

Answer 13

git cat-file -t 980a0

Question 14

How can you ge tthe content of a hash?

Answer 14

git cat-file -p 980a0

Question 15

Where can you find the branches in git?

Answer 15

.git/refs/heads

Question 16

What are references?

Answer 16

Pointers to commits

Question 17

What is HEAD refering to?

Answer 17

Current branch & commit

Question 18

How can you check where a branch points to?

Answer 18

cat .git/refs/heads/master

Question 19

How can you check where a reference points to?

Answer 19

cat .git/HEAD

Question 20

What areas are there in git?

Answer 20

Working area, staging area and repository

Question 21

What files belong to the working area?

Answer 21

untracked files

Question 22

What is the staging area?

Answer 22

Containts the files that are going to be part of the next commit

Question 23

How can you check what’s inside the staging area?

Answer 23

git ls-files -s

Question 24

How can you remove a file from git?

Answer 24

git rm

Question 25

How can you rename a file in the next commit?

Answer 25

git mv

Question 26

How can you add in hunks?

Answer 26

git add -P

Question 27

What is stashing good for?

Answer 27

save un-commited work that needs to be safe from destructive operations

Question 28

Show all stashes?

Answer 28

git stash list

Question 29

Stash changes

Answer 29

git stash

Question 30

Show specific stash

Answer 30

git stash show stash@{0}

Question 31

Apply last stash

Answer 31

git stash apply

Question 32

Include untracked files in stashes

Answer 32

git stash –include-untracked

Question 33

Naming stashes

Answer 33

git stash save “message”

Question 34

Start branch from stash

Answer 34

git stash branch

Question 35

Remove last stash and apply changes

Answer 35

git stash pop

Question 36

Remove last stash

Answer 36

git stash drop

Question 37

Remove all stashes

Answer 37

git stash clear

Question 38

What are references?

Answer 38

Pointers to commits

Question 39

3 types of references

Answer 39

HEAD
Tags & annotated tags
Branches

Question 40

What is a branch?

Answer 40

Pointer to a particular commit

Question 41

What is a detached HEAD?

Answer 41

HEAD points to a commit

Question 42

What is HEAD?

Answer 42

Pointer that points to the current branches name/commit