GIT and Digestive Process

Question 1

List the steps of GI system

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. elimination

Question 2

Functions of digestive system

Answer 2

Ingestion
Mechanical breakdown
Digestion(chemical breakdown)
Secretion 
Absorption
Excretion

Question 3

Alimentary canal

Answer 3

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus 
Stomach
Small intestine 
Large intestine 
Rectum
Anus

Question 4

Layers composing the wall of the GI tract in order

Answer 4

Lumen
Mucosa 
Submucosa 
Circular muscle 
Longitudinal muscle 
Serosa

Question 5

What is peristalsis

Answer 5

Waves of muscular contraction propels material along the length of the GI tract

Question 6

Function of omentum

Answer 6

Stores fat and prevents the spread of infection

Question 7

Swallowing

Answer 7

Oral cavity 
Soft palate 
Oropharynx
Epiglottis 
Oesophagus

Question 8

Name the 3 pairs of salivary gland

Answer 8

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

Question 9

Composition of saliva

Answer 9

99.4% water

Amylase , lysozyme

Question 10

What does oral cavity consist of

Answer 10

Salivary glands 
Teeth
Tongue
Saliva
Hard palate/soft palate

Question 11

Anatomy of teeth

Answer 11

Deciduous teeth -20
Adult teeth -32
Incisors
Cuspids(canines)
Molars
-“wisdom teeth”

Question 12

Function of salivary amylase

Answer 12

Convert polysaccharides starch into disaccharide maltose

Question 13

Rectum and anus

Answer 13

Rectum=last 15cm of the digestive tract
-For the storage of feces

Anus =exit of feces through here

• external anal sphincter
• external anal sphincter

Hemorrhoids

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

Sodium bicarbonate -pH 
Pancreatic lipase - fats 
Pancreatic amylase -glycogen and starch 
trypsinogen -trypin-protein
Chymotrysinogen-chymotrypsin

Question 15

Digestive conditions/disorders

Answer 15

Gatritis 
Ulcers
Gallstones 
Cholera 
Hepatitis 
Jaundice 
Cirrhosis
Constipation
Diarrhea 
Lactose intolerance
Gingivitis

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

Lies posterior to stomach , in between the duodenum and spleen
About 15cm long , pinkish-gray organ(body/tail)

Produces digestive enzyme and buffers

• pancreatic alpha-amylase
• pancreatic lipase
• nucleases
• proteolytic enzymes

Question 17

Gall bladder

Answer 17

Stores bile made by the liver
Located just inferior to the liver
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct connects to the duodenum

Question 18

Major functions of liver

Answer 18

Phagocytosis, antigen presentation
Synthesis of plasma proteins 
Removal of hormones 
Removal of antibiotics 
Removal of RBCs 
Removal/storage of toxins

Question 19

Structure of liver and it’s functions

Answer 19

Largest internal body organ
2 loves seperated by falciform ligament
Hepatocytes(liver cells) , located within lobules

Major functions:
Card/lips/amino acid metabolism
Glycogen storage 
Waste product removal 
Bile production
Vitamin storage 
Breakdown of drugs

Question 20

Function of accessory organs

Answer 20

Produce juices and enzymes for essential digestive processes

Question 21

Name the accessory glands

Answer 21

Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Question 22

Large intestines

Answer 22

Includes cecum and colon 
The reabsorption of water and formation of solid feces is the primary function 
Other nutrients are absorbed (but far less than in stomach and small intestine)
Four regions:
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon

Question 23

Vermiform appendix

Answer 23

Small,wormlike sac located near the opening into the colon

Question 24

Where does most absorption occur

Answer 24

Jejunum and ileum