GIT and Digestive Process Flashcards
List the steps of GI system
- ingestion
- digestion
- absorption
- elimination
Functions of digestive system
Ingestion Mechanical breakdown Digestion(chemical breakdown) Secretion Absorption Excretion
Alimentary canal
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
Layers composing the wall of the GI tract in order
Lumen Mucosa Submucosa Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Serosa
What is peristalsis
Waves of muscular contraction propels material along the length of the GI tract
Function of omentum
Stores fat and prevents the spread of infection
Swallowing
Oral cavity Soft palate Oropharynx Epiglottis Oesophagus
Name the 3 pairs of salivary gland
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Composition of saliva
99.4% water
Amylase , lysozyme
What does oral cavity consist of
Salivary glands Teeth Tongue Saliva Hard palate/soft palate
Anatomy of teeth
Deciduous teeth -20 Adult teeth -32 Incisors Cuspids(canines) Molars -“wisdom teeth”
Function of salivary amylase
Convert polysaccharides starch into disaccharide maltose
Rectum and anus
Rectum=last 15cm of the digestive tract
-For the storage of feces
Anus =exit of feces through here
- external anal sphincter
- external anal sphincter
Hemorrhoids
Pancreas
Sodium bicarbonate -pH Pancreatic lipase - fats Pancreatic amylase -glycogen and starch trypsinogen -trypin-protein Chymotrysinogen-chymotrypsin
Digestive conditions/disorders
Gatritis Ulcers Gallstones Cholera Hepatitis Jaundice Cirrhosis Constipation Diarrhea Lactose intolerance Gingivitis
Pancreas
Lies posterior to stomach , in between the duodenum and spleen
About 15cm long , pinkish-gray organ(body/tail)
Produces digestive enzyme and buffers
- pancreatic alpha-amylase
- pancreatic lipase
- nucleases
- proteolytic enzymes
Gall bladder
Stores bile made by the liver
Located just inferior to the liver
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct connects to the duodenum
Major functions of liver
Phagocytosis, antigen presentation Synthesis of plasma proteins Removal of hormones Removal of antibiotics Removal of RBCs Removal/storage of toxins
Structure of liver and it’s functions
Largest internal body organ
2 loves seperated by falciform ligament
Hepatocytes(liver cells) , located within lobules
Major functions: Card/lips/amino acid metabolism Glycogen storage Waste product removal Bile production Vitamin storage Breakdown of drugs
Function of accessory organs
Produce juices and enzymes for essential digestive processes
Name the accessory glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Large intestines
Includes cecum and colon The reabsorption of water and formation of solid feces is the primary function Other nutrients are absorbed (but far less than in stomach and small intestine) Four regions: Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon
Vermiform appendix
Small,wormlike sac located near the opening into the colon
Where does most absorption occur
Jejunum and ileum
