Git

Question 1

What is the Git directory?

Answer 1

Where Git stores the metadata and object database for your project.

What is copied when you clone a repository from another computer

Question 2

What is a working directory?

Answer 2

A single checkout (co) of one version of the project

Pulled from the Git directory to be used or modified

Question 3

What is a staging area?

Answer 3

a file, generally contained on your Git directory, that stores information about what will go into your next commit

Also referred to as the index

Question 4

Git Workflow

Answer 4

1- Modify files in your working directory
2- Stage the files - adding snapshots of them to your staging area
3- Do a commit which takes the files as they are in the staging area and stores the snapshot permanently to your Git directory

Question 5

States:

Answer 5

1- committed - it is in the Git directory
2- modified - has been changed since it was checked out but has not been staged
3- staged - has been modified and added to the staging area

Question 6

The 3 main sections of a Git project

Answer 6

1- The Git directory
2- The working directory
3- The staging area

Question 7

How do you create a new git repository from an existing project?

Answer 7

Go to the project directory and type

git init

Question 8

what does git init do?

Answer 8

creates a new subdirectory called .git

that contains a git repository skeleton

Question 9

How do you get a copy of an existing git repository?

Answer 9

git clone [url]

Question 10

what are the possible states that a file in your working directory can be in?

Answer 10

• tracked

- untracked

Question 11

What are tracked files?

Answer 11

files that were in the last snapshot

Question 12

What states can tracked files be in?

Answer 12

• unmodified
• modified
• staged

Question 13

what are untracked files?

Answer 13

anything in your working directory that were not in your last snapshot and are not in your staging area

Question 14

when you first clone a repository, in what state are all of the files?

Answer 14

tracked and unmodified

Question 15

how do you determine which files are in which state?

Answer 15

git status

Question 16

what is meant by “working directory clean”?

Answer 16

no tracked and modified files

Question 17

what is an untracked file?

Answer 17

a files that was not in the previous snapshot (commit) and has not been “added” using git add

Question 18

how do you know that a file is staged

Answer 18

git status

shows it as “changed to be committed”

Question 19

what is
git add
used for?

Answer 19

1-to begin tracking new files
2-to stage files
3-marking merge conflicted files as resolved

you can think of it as: “add this content to the next commit” or “stage this file”

Question 20

what are the two columns in short status

status -s

Answer 20

1- the first column indicates whether the file is staged

2- the second column indicates whether it has been modified

Question 21

short name for a git repository

Answer 21

repo

Question 22

How do you initialize a new git repo?

Answer 22

git init

Question 23

how do you add all of the project files to the current git repo?

Answer 23

$ git add -A

• this adds the files to the git staging area
• adds all of the files in the current directory except those that match the patterns in a file called .gitignore

Question 24

what command will tell you all of the files in the staging areaz/

Answer 24

$ git status

Question 25

How do you tell git to keep the changes in the staging area?

Answer 25

$ git commit -m “initialize repository”
(use the-m flag to add a message -some current tense name)
-if you omit -m, git will open the system’s default text editor and have you enter the message there
-note: git commits are local on the machine on which the commit occurs

Question 26

How do you push changes to a remote repository?

Answer 26

$ git push

Question 27

how do you get a list of your commit messages?

Answer 27

$ git log

Question 28

bitbucket

Answer 28

• a site optimized for hosting and sharing git repositories
• this makes a full backup of your code
• makes the code available for sharing

Question 29

what is a branch?

Answer 29

• a copy of the entire repository

- usually the parent repository is the master branch

Question 30

How do you create a new branch?

Answer 30

-a branch is a copy of the complete repository where you can make changes without modifying the parent files
$ git checkout -b modify-Readme
-this switched to a new branch called ‘modify-README’

Question 31

how do you add bitbucket as the origin for your repository and then push your repository up to the remote origin?

Answer 31

$ git remote add origin git@bitbucket.org:smartinconsult/hello_app.git
$ git push -u origin –all

this pushes up the repo and its refs for the first time

Ruby tutorial p. 36

Question 32

how do you see a list of branches that you have?

Answer 32

$ git branch

lists all the local branches and identifies the current branch with an asterisk