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interview questions > git > Flashcards

git Flashcards

1
Q

What is a git repository?

A

A git workspace with its own history. It’s like a clade. What you do to one repo does not affect the others.

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2
Q

Command to get info on the repo we’re currently in.

A

git status

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3
Q

Command to initialize a new empty repo in the current directory.

A

git init. Use mkdir and cd into it, then use git init inside that directory.

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4
Q

What is a commit?

A

Basically a snapshot of code in a repo.

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5
Q

Difference between saving a file and committing a file.

A

You save a file(s) first, then group them together into a commit.

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6
Q

How does a commit work?

A

You group some or all altered files together and commit them. So if you alter 10 files, you can choose a specific group of 3, for example, to commit.

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7
Q

Difference between working directory & repository.

A

Working directory - the dir where the files you’ve created reside.
Repo - the .git folder that’s created in the dir with your files when you use the git init command.

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8
Q

What is the staging area?

A

This is what we add our changes to before making a commit.

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9
Q

Command to add files to the staging area.

A

git add

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10
Q

Command to create and add two files to the staging area.

A

touch file1.txt
touch file2.txt
git add file1 file2

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11
Q

Command to add all changes in the current dir to the staging area.

A

git add .

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12
Q

What is a git message?

A

A message you write when you commit files which explains what has been changed in those files.

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13
Q

Command to write commit message with a commit.

A

got commit -m “message”

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14
Q

What info does git status give you?

A

If there are any modified files that haven’t been added or committed.

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15
Q

Command that gives you a log of the commits for a given repo.

A

git log

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16
Q

What info does git log give you?

A

It gives you a log of the commits for a given repo, who made the commits and at what time they were made, and the message associated with each commit. Also a list of all branches & where HEAD is currently pointing.

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17
Q

What does it mean to keep commits atomic?

A

When you make a commit, try to focus on one thing. If you alter a particular GUI element and also alter some other thing like button functionality, make separate commits with messages for each of these changes, don’t commit both simultaneously.

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18
Q

What command lets you amend a commit?

A

git commit –amend
(only works on previous commit)

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19
Q

When should you use git commit –amend?

A

If you do a commit but forget to add one of the files you wanted to commit to the stage beforehand.

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20
Q

How does git commit –amend work?

A

It opens up the previous commit message and allows you to edit it, so you could basically re-do the previous commit command with the file you forgot.

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21
Q

Command to use if there are files you don’t want to make public or be tracked by git.

A

git ignore

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22
Q

How do you make git ignore a list of files?

A

Create a file called .gitignore in the repo and add a list of file types & paths to it that you don’t want git to commit (private files you don’t want public).

23
Q

What does each commit reference?

A

The commits that come before and after it (except the first and last commits).

24
Q

What is the master (or main) branch?

A

The branch that everything else branches off of.

25
Q

What is HEAD?

A

A pointer that points to master initially but when you start a new branch, HEAD points to the most recent commit on that branch.

26
Q

Command to create a branch.

A

git branch

27
Q

What does the git branch command do without a branch name given to it?

A

Shows you what branch you’re on and where HEAD is pointing.

28
Q

Command to switch branches.

A

git switch

29
Q

Where is a branch created when the git branch command is used?

A

The location of HEAD is where a branch is made.

30
Q

How do you create a new branch and switch to it in a single command?

A

git switch -c

31
Q

Command to commit all changes at once.

A

git commit -a -m

32
Q

What does the checkout command do?

A

Lets you switch branches but also does a lot of others stuff. More functionality than git switch.

33
Q

Command to delete a branch.

A

git branch -d
(-D for force delete)

34
Q

What is merging and how does it work?

A

You work on various features and then merge them back to the master branch. You merge entire branches, not commits.

35
Q

Which branch do you need to be on to merge?

A

You move to the branch which is receiving the merge. You always merge from the current HEAD branch.

36
Q

Command to merge branchName to master.

A

Move to the master branch and type get merge

37
Q

What is a merge conflict?

A

When you alter the same line in different branches and try to merge them.

38
Q

Command to show you differences between your working directory & the staging area.

A

git diff

39
Q

Command to show staged & unstaged changes since last commit.

A

git diff HEAD

40
Q

Command to show only stage changes.

A

git diff –staged

41
Q

Command to show differences between specific files.

A

git diff file1 file2 …

42
Q

Command to show differences between branches

A

git diff branch1 branch2 …

43
Q

What is stashing?

A

This basically saves your changes when you want to switch branches without actually committing them.

44
Q

How to remove the most recently stashed changes & re-apply them to your working copy.

A

git stash pop

45
Q

In what order are stashes stored?

A

FILO

46
Q

Command to view the stash stack

A

git stash list

47
Q

Command to drop a particular stash

A

git stash drop stash@{index#}

48
Q

Command to clear entire stash

A

git stash clear

49
Q

What is detached HEAD?

A

HEAD usually point to the most recent commit on a branch. Detached head is when HEAD is not pointing to a terminal node (traveling back in time to make a new branch at that point)

50
Q

Command to reference commit x-amount before HEAD.

A

git checkout HEAD~x

51
Q

Command to discard changes you made to a file.

A

git checkout HEAD

52
Q

Command to remove a file from stage.

A

git restore –staged fileName.txt

53
Q

Say you made a couple commits on the master branch but you actually meant to make them on a separate branch instead. What is the command to undo those commits?

A

git reset will reset the repo back to the specific commit that the hash is from.

54
Q

If you want to reverse some commits that other people already have on their machines, use (revert/reset). If you want to reverse commits that you haven’t shared with others, use (revert/reset) and nobody else will be affected by it.

A

Revert, reset

interview questions (14 decks)

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