GIS

Question 1

What is GIS?

Answer 1

GIS - geographical information system is a computer system used for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on the Earth’s surface.

Question 2

GIS definition expanded

Answer 2

It analyses spatial location and organises layers of information into visualisations using maps and 3D scenes.

Question 3

Where is GIS commonly used?

Answer 3

Paths of natural disasters
City planning (location of parks, hospitals)
Crime mapping
Establishing and monitoring routes

Question 4

Types of GIS?

Answer 4

Raster and vector

Question 5

Explain raster GIS:

Answer 5

Raster are grids of cells or pixels. The pixels have a fixed size which determine the spatial resolution. When the resolution increases → pixel size decreases

Question 6

Uses of raster GIS:

Answer 6

Precipitation maps, maps of elevation and trees

Question 7

Explain vector GIS:

Answer 7

Vector GIS uses points, line segments and polygons to identify locations. Vector data is comprised of individual points stored as coordinate pairs that indicate locations,

Question 8

Uses of vector GIS:

Answer 8

Useful for data that has discrete boundaries such as borders. Google maps and CAD is vector based.

Question 9

What does point mean in vector GIS?

Answer 9

Points: each point is defined by a single x,y coordinate, and there can be many points in a vector point file.

Question 10

What does line segment mean in vector GIS?

Answer 10

Lines: composed of 2 or more points that are connected (road)

Question 11

What does polygon mean in vector GIS?

Answer 11

Polygon: consists of 3 or more vertices that are connected and closed. (oceans, lakes, states, countries)

Question 12

Which is better? Raster or vector?

Answer 12

Vector is more efficient at storing data, and it delivers a representation that is sharp, clean and scaleable. Although, raster can have more detail as it can have higher resolution, and it is faster.

Question 13

How can GIS be used ?

Answer 13

Governments use GIS data to map flood risk areas and then use this information to coordinate relief efforts.
Geologists use GIS data to analyse soil
GIS can be used to map out infested areas in agriculture production

Question 14

What is additive manufacturing?

Answer 14

Additive manufacturing is adding material to make a 3D object/making the object from scratch.

Question 15

What is subtractive manufacturing?

Answer 15

Subtractive manufacturing is taking out material/carving it out.

Question 16

Examples of 3D printing:

Answer 16

FDM, SLS, DMLS

Question 17

Describe FDM

Answer 17

FDM functions by extruding plastic filament, layer by layer onto the building platform. (Used for prototyping_

Question 18

Describe SLS

Answer 18

SLS melts together nylon based powders into solid plastic (is durable). Produces complex, custom parts.

Question 19

Describe DMLS

Answer 19

DMLS prints in metal, and is used for prototyping and production (medicine - prosthetics)

Question 20

Subtractive manufacturing examples:

Answer 20

Laser cutting, drilling

Question 21

What is 3D scanning?

Answer 21

3D scanning is technology that digitally captures the shape of an object using laser light.

Question 22

What is 3D prinitng?

Answer 22

Construction of a 3- dimensional shape from a CAD