Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Periodontology > Gingivitis and gingival disease > Flashcards

Gingivitis and gingival disease Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How can periodontal diseases and conditions be classified in the 2017 classification system?

A

Periodontal health, Gingival disease and conditions
Periodontitis
Other conditions affecting the periodontium
Peri-implant diseases and conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 4 periodontal structures

A

Gingivae
PDL
Cementum
Alveolar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of gingiva sits between the gingival margin and the gingival groove?

A

Free gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the gingival sulcus found. What type of epithelium lines this?

A

Found in the sulcus between tooth and free gingiva.

Lined by sulcular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structure demarcated the attachment of attached gingiva to alveolar musocsa?

A

Mucogingival junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the junctional epithelium?

A

Forms attachment of gingiva to tooh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 signs of gingival health

A

Gingiva are firm and pink
Stippling may be present
Interdental papillae are pyramidal
Gingival crevice less than or equal to 3mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the body ensure an intact epithelial barrier is maintained?

A

Shedding of epithelial cells - replaced by new cells. Junctional epithelium has a very high turnover rate
Outflow of GCF
Antimicrobial effects of antibodies
Phagocytic functions of neutrophils and macrophages
Complement activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of periodontal disease?

A 
Plaque around gingival margin
Bleeding
Swelling
Redness
Halitosis 
Papillae more blunt
increased GCF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 signs of inflammation

A 
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Temperature 
Loss of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First disease processes involved with gingivitis?

A

Dental plaque related gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define dental plaque biofilm

A

Collection of microorganisms, held together within a matrix structure, on a surface or interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are early dental plaque biofilm colonisers?

A

Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the later colonisers of plaque biofilm?

A

Rod shaped (G +ve) e.g. actinomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the ecological plaque hypothesis?

A

Non specific pathogenic species of bacteria cause disease due to a shift in bacteria population and biofilm balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is gingivitis diagnosed?

A

Clinical appearance
BOP
Plaque indices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is initial examination of the gingiva carried out?

A

BPE - a screening tool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BPE score 0

A

Pockets <3.5mm
No calculus/overhangs
No BOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BPE score 1

A

Pockets <3.5mm
No calculus/overhang
BOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BPE score 2

Study These Flashcards
A

Pockets <3.5mm

Supra or sub gingival calculus/overhangs

21
Q

BPE score 3

Study These Flashcards
A

Pockets 3.5-5.5mm

22
Q

BPE score 4

Study These Flashcards
A

Pockets >5.5mm

23
Q

Patient has code 0/1/2 and <10% BOP. What is the diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Clinical gingival health

24
Q

Patient has code 0/1/2 and 10-30% BOP. What is the diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Localised gingivitis

25
Patient has code 0/1/2 and more than 30% BOP. What is the diagnosis?
Generalised gingivitis
26
What are false pockets?
Present when junctional epithelium is still at CEJ but the sulcus is deepened to more than 3mm due to changes in gingival swelling
27
Diagnosis of gingivitis
No pocket depths >3mm - BPE code 0/1/2 BOP - amount dictates severity of disease Redness, swelling, heat NO bone destruction or breakdown of PDL
28
Consequence of necrotising gingivitis?
Sloughing of gingival margin, ulceration, painful
29
Aetiology of necrotising gingivitis?
``` Poor OH immunocompromised Poor diet and general health Smokers Stress ```
30
List 8 local contributing factors of gingivitis
``` Dental plaque Supra/subgingival calculus Suboptimal restoration margins Tooth anatomical factors Malocclusion/crowding Fixed/removable prosthodontics/ortho Incompetent lips/lack of seal oral dryness (mouth breathers, xerostomia) ```
31
List 8 systemic factors that can contribute to gingival disease?
``` Puberty Pregnancy Menstrual cycle Diabetes Blood dyscrasia (leukaemia) Medications - amlodipine malnutrition (Vit C deficiency) Smoking - vasoconstriction ```
32
Why might smokers not notice signs of gingival disease as soon as non-smokers?
Causes vasoconstriction so stops bleeding. | Non-smokers will notice more bleeding sooner
33
How is plaque-induced gingivitis managed?
OHI Biofilm destruction - scale, toothbrushing Removal of retentive features
34
Describe how pregnancy-associated gingivitis occurs?
Increased hormone levels increasing vascular permeability into gingival tissues
35
How should pregnant patients be managed?
OHI Recall - every 3 months identify stage of pregnancy - should get better in 3rd trimester
36
How does hereditary gingival fibrzomatosis present?
Gingival overgrowth
37
How can infections of bacterial origin cause gingivitis?
Necrotising gingivitis --> fusobacterium, treponema infection Associated with ulceration and sloughing of gingival margin
38
Name 4 bacterias that can cause gingivitis?
Neisseria gonorrhoea Treponema pallidum Mycobacterium tuberculosis Streptococcal gingivitis
39
How can gingivitis occur as a result of viral infections?
Hand, foot and mouth disease - cocksackie virus Primary herpetic gingivostomatits - HSV1 and 2 Chicken pox, shingles - VZV Human papilloma virus
40
How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?
Usually in children Vesicles that rupture and ulcerate Similar lesions in mouth, hand and feet
41
How does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis present?
Primary infection Usually in children/pregnant women Aggressive gingivitis and multiple fluid filled vesicles which burst and leave ulcers
42
How can fungal infections case gingivitis?
Oral candidiasis = opportunistic pathogen
43
How does human papilloma virus present in the mouth?
Cauliflower like lesion Usually asymptomatic Refer to oral surgery to remove
44
How can gingivitis occur in hypersensitivity reactions?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
45
How can autoimmune diseases cause gingivitis?
Lichen planus Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid
46
How can pre-malignant neoplasms cause gingivits?
Leukoplakia (white patch) Erythroplakia (red patch) Refer to oral medicine
47
How can malignant neoplasms cause gingivitis
Squamous cell carcinoma Leukaemia - bleeding, swelling Lymphoma
48
How can traumatic lesions cause gingivitis?
Physical/mechanical - function keratosis - zealous toothbrushing chemical - etching Thermal - food/drink
49
How can endocrine/nutritional and metabolic disease cause gingivitis?
Diabetes | Vit C deficiency

Periodontology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions