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Oral Biology > Gingiva and Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Gingiva and Oral Mucosa Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the differences between the oral mucosa and skin

A

Hair follicles, sweat glands, taste buds, colour differences (dependent on melanin production, degree of keratinisation

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2
Q

What are the differences between keratinised and non keratinised epithelium

A

Presence of granular cell layer and keratinised layer in keratinised epithelium versus intermediate layer and superficial cell layer in non-keratinised epithelium

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3
Q

Where is keratinised epithelium found?

A

Attached gingiva/ tongue/ palate

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4
Q

Where is non-keratinised epithelium found?

A

Buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, vestibule

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5
Q

Name cells that can be found in the epithelium of the oral mucosa

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan cells, inflammatory cells

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6
Q

What is the function of oral mucosa?

A

Barrier/ protective function

Sensation, temperature, taste, pain

Secretion of lubrication and buffering

Immunological defence: antimicrobial factors

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7
Q

What are the types of oral mucosa?

A

Masticatory, lining and specialised

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8
Q

Where can specialised oral mucosa be found?

A

Dorsal tongue surface, associated with papilla, taste buds

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9
Q

Where can masticatory mucosa be found?

A

Attached gingiva, hard palate, dorsal tongue surface

High compression and friction, rubbery surface texture, firm, keratinised epithelium

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10
Q

Where can lining mucosa be found?

A

Soft palate, floor of mouth, ventral tongue surface, Buccal alveolar mucosa

Smooth, moist, soft, pliable
Non-keratinised, thin epithelium, more red- high conc of capillaries underlying

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11
Q

What are the four layers found above the basement membrane in keratinised mucosa

A

Keratinised layer
Granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal cell layer

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12
Q

how is epithelium anchored

A

Interdigitation between epithelium and lamina propria, rete pegs: epithelial extensions that project into underlying connective tissue

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13
Q

Describe the keratinised layer

A

Lost all organelles due to autolysis, cells completely filled with keratin

Closely packed tonofilaments surrounded by matrix protein filaggrin= keratin

Keratin is strongly crosslinked by disulphide bonds (mechanical and chemical resistance)

Desmosomes breaking down to allow for desquamation, shedding

20 cells thick
Parakeratinised (nucleated) gum
Orthokeratinised (no nucleus) vermilion border of lip and hard palate

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14
Q

Describe the granular layer

A

Keratinocytes larger and fatter, lose organelles as they mature

Cytoplasm consists of tonofilaments, tonofibrils and keratohyaline granules

Keratohyaline granules contain proflaggrin, precursor of flaggrin which binds tonofilaments together in stable network

Keratohyaline granules also release lipid rich contents into intercellular space which helps to cement layer and decrease permeability, prevent water loss and form resistant layer

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15
Q

Describe the prickle cell layer

A

Several cells thick

Round or ovoid cells (keratinocytes)

Keratinocytes form cytokeratin which builds up in the cells forming tonofibrils which form desmosomes (50%) of intercellular space

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16
Q

Describe the basal cell layer

A

Single cell layer
Demarcates lamina propria from basal lamina
Consists of cuboidal cells (LEAST differentiated) and stem cells

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17
Q

What is the difference between keratinised and non-keratinised mucosa?

A

Non-keratinised has no granular and keratinised layer, only basal, intermediate and superficial cell layer

Surface layers of non-keratinised mucosa lack keratohyaline granules

Interface between lamina propria and epithelium smoother with fewer and less pronounced rete pegs and connective tissue papillae

Lamina propria of non-keratinised has more elastic fibres, more pliable

18
Q

What are the cells present in oral mucosa

A

90% keratinocytes
10% non keratinocytes
Melanocytes: located in basal layer, produces melanin
Langerhans cells: located above basal layer, antigen presenting
Merkel cells: located in basal layer, next to nerve fibres, acts as sensory receptor, found more in masticatory mucosa

19
Q

What are the functions of lamina propria

A

Mechanical support for epithelium

Provides nutrition

Sensory function via nerves

Defence via saliva and immunocompetent cells

20
Q

What are the two layers of lamina propria?

A

Superficial papillary layer

and Deep reticular layer

21
Q

What is the difference between papillary layer and reticular layer?

A

Collagen fibers thin and loosely arranged in papillary layer

Thick, parallel bundles of collagen fibres dominate reticular layer

22
Q

What is the composition of the lamina propria?

A

ECM: collagen fibers, mostly type 1
Ground substance: Hydrated gel of glycoproteins and proteoglycans
Macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells
Nerves, blood cells, salivary glands

Main cell: fibroblast for deposition of type 1 collagen

23
Q

How are keratin filaments connected to the basal lamina?

A

the basal lamina forms hemidesmosomes with inserting cytoplasmic filaments along its length

24
Q

What are the two layers of the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida and lamina densa

25
Q

What distinguishes a basement membrane and basal lamina?

A

Under light microscope, basement membrane

Under electron microscope, basal lamina

26
Q

How does the basal lamina bind to the ECM?

A

Looping fibrils of type VII collagen bind to type IV collagen in basal lamina, and interdigitate with type 1 and 2 collagen in ECM

27
Q

Is the distinction between lamina propria and submucosa obvious?

A

No

28
Q

What does the submucosa consist of?

A

Minor salivary glands and sebaceous glands

29
Q

Where is submucosa not found

A

mucoperiosteum, hard palate of the mouth

30
Q

Describe the features of the lip

A

Skin on the outside, labial mucosa on inner surface, vermillion zone lies in between

Minor mucous glands lie in the submucosa

31
Q

Describe the vermillion

A

Lacks mucous glands, needs to be moistened constantly

Epithelium is keratinised but thin and translucent

Connective tissue papilla are long and narrow and contain capillary loops, red in colour

Between labial mucosa and vermilion, no granular layer and thick parakeratinised layer

32
Q

Describe the labial mucosa and cheek

A

Thick non-keratinised epithelium
Short and irregular rete pegs
Submucosa many minor salivary glands

33
Q

Describe the alveolar mucosa

A

thin non-keratinised epithelium

Lamina propria with poorly developed dermal papillae

Underlying blood vessels lie near surface

Submucosa many minor salivary glands

Loosely attached with numerous elastin fibers, free movement

34
Q

What does the oral epithelium face?

A

The oral cavity

35
Q

What does the sulcular epithelium face?

A

Faces the tooth, not attached to the tooth

36
Q

Where is the sulcular epithelium

A

Lines the gingival sulcus, not in contact with the tooth, extends from the crest of the gingival margin to the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium

37
Q

Describe the characteristics of the sulcular epithelium

A

Merges with junctional epithelium seamlessly, externally, base of the gingival crevice should correspond to the free gingival groove

Thin non-keratinised or parakeratinised simple squamous epithelium, cuboidal cells, presence of no/ shallow rete pegs, absence of keratinised and granular layer

No Merkel cells

38
Q

Describe the junctional epithelium

A

Collar surrounding tooth, extends from CEJ to bottom of the sulcus, non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, single cell apically, 15-30 at base of sulcus

39
Q

What is unique about the inner basal layer?

A

Can adhere to tooth on one side and cells on the other side via hemidesmosomes, can bind to calcific surfaces besides connective tissue

40
Q

What are the connective tissues in gingiva?

A 
Circular
Alveologingival
Dentinogingival
Dentinoperiosteal
Transseptal

Oral Biology (4 decks)

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