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Hotel du Vin > Gin - knowledge (c) > Flashcards

Gin - knowledge (c) Flashcards

1
Q

How many methods are there to produce gin and what are they called?

A

Three:

  • compound gin
  • distilled gin
  • London gin
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2
Q

What is compound gin?

A

alcohol with natural or artificial flavourings added

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3
Q

What is distilled gin?

A

redistilled neutral alcohol with natural flavouring, additional flavourings and colour can be added after distillation

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4
Q

What is London gin?

A

redistilled neutral alcohol with natural flavouring - artificial flavour or colour banned and limited additional sugar allowed

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5
Q

What are the two ways gin is usually distilled?

A

In a Pot still or column still

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6
Q

What does pot distilled gin tend to have?

A

tends to have more character as the botanicals are heated together with the spirit.

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7
Q

What are botanicals?

A

The different herbs and spices and/or flavouring ingredients used in the gin.

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8
Q

What are the 8 key botanicals usually found in gin?

A

Juniper berries (the defining flavour of gin)

Barks - cassia and cinnamon

Citrus peels - lemon, orange, grapefruit

Roots - orris, liquorice, angelica

Seeds - cardamom, coriander

Spices - cloves, saffron, nutmeg, grains of paradise

Flowers - rose, lavender, chamomile

Leaves - green tea, sencha tea.

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9
Q

Who is the main producer and exporter of gin to the rest of the world?

A

Britain

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10
Q

What other 2 countries is gin most notably produced in?

A

Spain and USA

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11
Q

What is the gin the dutch make called?

A

Genever

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12
Q

How is Genever made?

A

Distilled from malted grain mash (similar to whisky), in a pot still.

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13
Q

What is Genever’s alcohol level like compared to English gin?

A

lower in alcohol than English gins at around 36% ABV (alcohol by volume)

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14
Q

What 2 styles is Genever produced in?

A

oude (old) and jonge (young).

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15
Q

What may have been done to Old Genever gin?

A

Old genever may have been aged in oak barrels for up to 3 years.

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16
Q

What is gin called in Belgium?

A

jenever

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17
Q

How popular is gin in Belgium?

A

it’s been the Belgian national spirit for over 500 years.

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18
Q

What are many traditional Belgium gins like?

A

Many traditional jenevers have more in common with sherry or whisky with a botanical kick.

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19
Q

Who is the largest gin consumer in the world?

A

Phillippines

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20
Q

What is the gin that most people in the Philippines drink?

A

The local brand, San Miguel - a dutch style of gin

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21
Q

In terms of numbers, how much of the world gin market does San Miguel account for?

A

43%

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22
Q

How is compound gin produced?

A

Produced by simply flavouring suitable alcohol with flavouring substances, (both natural and artificial) which give a predominant taste of juniper - this is straight compounded gin. Previously much used by supermarkets to create own label gin, compound gin is fairly rare these days.

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23
Q

How is distilled gin produced?

A

Neutral alcohol is redistilled with natural flavourings. The best neutral alcohol has no flavour at all. Additional flavourings can be added after distillation, either natural or artificial and approved colourings may be used. Examples of distilled gin are Hendrick’s and The Botanist.

24
Q

How is London gin produced?

A

Neutral alcohol is redistilled with natural flavourings. The use of artificial flavourings or any type of colour is banned and the addition of sugar is strictly limited, which is why London gins are often termed ‘dry’. Confusingly, they don’t have to be made in London! Examples of London gin are Beefeater, Gordon’s and Tanqueray.

25
Q

What is another name for a Pot still?

A

Bennett still

26
Q

What is a still?

A

What the gin is distilled in

27
Q

What does a pot still look like?

A

large kettle made of copper

28
Q

What is the first step when using a pot still?

A

Before distillation starts the botanicals are added to the neutral alcohol, diluted with water and left to steep (this is called the ‘wash’)

29
Q

What is the second step when using a pot still?

A

The pot is then heated, turning the liquid into vapour

30
Q

What is the third step when using a pot still?

A

The vapours collect in the head and are led off through a narrow tube at the top (called the ‘swans neck’) to the condenser, to be turned back into liquid.

31
Q

What kind of process is pot still distillation?

A

batch process and the spirit will go through at least two distillations, with some premium gins having up to five.

32
Q

What are the other names for Column Still?

A

Continuous or Coffey still

33
Q

What does the Column still consist of?

A

Two columns

34
Q

What is the ‘wash’?

A

when botanicals are added to the neutral alcohol, diluted with water and left to steep before distillation starts

35
Q

What happens in the first column of a column still?

A

The first has vapour rising, which meets the wash descending through several layers.

36
Q

What happens as the wash hits the hot vapour in a column still?

A

The steam strips the alcohol from the wash and it rises up.

37
Q

What is a column still filled with?

A

A column still is filled with a series of plates that separate it into chambers, behaving like a series of single pot stills.

38
Q

What happens as the alcohol and steam rise into each chamber in a column still?

A

they undergo continuous distillation and the alcohol levels increase.

39
Q

After the alcohol and steam is finished in the first column of the still, what happens next?

A

It’s then drawn off into the second column where it circulates until it can condense at the required strength.

40
Q

What type of gin does a column still produce compared to a pot still?

A

A column still can produce a much purer and higher alcoholic content spirit than a pot still, so this gin will only go through a single distillation.

Tend to give a more neutral, subtle spirit, lacking the character of pot distilled gin.

41
Q

Why are column stills more efficient at making gin?

A

They produce a much purer and higher alcoholic content spirit

Column stills can run indefinitely without needing to be cleaned

42
Q

What is the third type of still?

A

The Carter Head, is a variation on the pot still and used to make both Hendrick’s and Bombay Sapphire.

43
Q

How is Sloe Gin made?

A

Sloe gin is made with the fruit of the blackthorn, called a sloe, which is a smaller relative of the plum. The sloes are purpley black and give sloe gin its characteristic deep, ruby red colour.

44
Q

How is Sloe gin intended to be drunk?

A

With a lower ABV of around 26% it is intended to be drunk neat as an aperitif or after dinner drink.

45
Q

What is gin considered to be?

A

Considered to be the spirit that started the cocktail revolution.

46
Q

Why did people choose to drink gin during the US Prohibition of 1920-33?

A

Gin, being transparent, was a lot easier to conceal, did not cause your breath to smell and could be easily mixed with juices to conceal the fact that you were drinking alcohol.

47
Q

What did ‘bath tub’ gin do?

A

‘Bath tub’ gin gave great impetus to the invention of new cocktails and this habit then spread overseas as all things American became chic.

48
Q

Where does the name gin come from?

A

Comes from the French genievere or the Dutch jenever, both of which mean juniper.

49
Q

Who is the origin of gin credited to?

A

Credited to 11th century Italian monks who were flavouring crudely distilled spirits with juniper berries as they were said to have medicinal properties.

50
Q

What were British troops drinking in the 16th century?

A

In the 16th century, British troops fighting in the Dutch War of Independence were drinking a juniper flavoured spirit to give them what became known as ‘Dutch Courage’ in battle.

51
Q

What happened when Dutch King William became co-ruler of England?

A

He discouraged the importation of brandy by setting high tariffs and promoted the production of grain spirits, by abolishing taxes and licensing fees for the manufacture of English products, such as gin. Anyone could now distil by simply posting a notice in public and waiting just 10 days. Sometimes gin was distributed to workers as part of their wages!

52
Q

By the 1720’s what was estimated?

A

Estimated that a quarter of the houses in London were used for the production or sale of gin and the abuse of alcohol, especially among the poor, became a major problem.

53
Q

Towards the end of the 18th century, what brought the gin problem under control?

A

A combination of Government taxes and regulations and the growth of high quality, licensed, commercial gin distillers

54
Q

What did gin and tonic begin as?

A

Began as an anti malarial remedy. Quinine (the anti-malarial agent) was added to tonic water to make it more palatable, but you could still taste the bitterness so gin helped to mask this.

55
Q

What is the ‘steeping’ method (used for Beefeater gin)?

A

where the botanicals are steeped (soaked) in the grain spirit for 24 hours before the gin is redistilled, and then reduced to 40% ABV

56
Q

What has usually been done to premium gins?

A

Premium gins are often pot distilled at least twice, more usually between three and five times.

Hotel du Vin (11 decks)

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