GIM Week 1 Flashcards
Embryology:
GI tract is the main organ system derived from which germ layer
Endoderm
Embryology:
What are the derivatives of the foregut
Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum (superior part and upper half of descending part) Liver (and extra hepatic biliary duct) Pancreas
Embryology:
What are the derivatives of the midgut
Duodenum (descending distal, horizontal and ascending parts) Jejunum Ileum Caecum Appendix Ascending colon Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
Embryology:
What are the derivatives of the hindgut
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Upper part of anal canal
Embryology:
What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the foregut
Coeliac trunk
Embryology:
What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the midgut
Superior mesenteric artery
Embryology:
What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the hindgut
Inferior mesenteric artery
Embryology:
Dorsal mesentery attaches structures from the … to the …
Foregut, midgut and hindgut
Posterior abdominal wall
Embryology:
Ventral mesentery attaches structures from the … only to the …
Foregut
Embryology:
The stomach rotates and moves in relation to …. This also leads to the the … forming a C shape
Surrounding viscera
Duodenum
Embryology:
Midgut is supsended from the doral abdominal wall via the … and communicates with the yolk sac via the …
Dorsal mesentery
Vitelline duct
Embryology:
The rotation and elongation of the midgut forms the coiled loops of the …
Jejunum and ileum
Embryology:
The pancreas forms from two buds which originate from the … of the …
The buds are called … and …
Endoderm, duodenum
Dorsal pancreatic bud, ventral pancreatic bud
Embryology:
In the development of the pancreas the … migrates towards the … as they both enlarge
Ventral pancreas
Dorsal pancreas
Embryology:
… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is a complete absence of a GI tract lumen
Atresia
Embryology:
… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is a narrowing of the GI tract lumen
Stenosis
Embryology:
… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is 90 degrees anticlockwise rotation of the colon
Left sided colon
Embryology:
Examples of abdominal wall defects whereby the intra-abdominal contents herniate through the wall include …
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Nutrition:
Definition of nutrition
The provision of nourishment to cells, tissues, organs, systems and the body as a whole
Nutrition:
Definition of dietetics
Diet as therapy/prevention of disease
Nutrition:
Malnutrition includes both … and …
Under nutrition
Over nutrition
Nutrition:
Metabolic substrates are continually being utilised and replaced, this is called …
Nutrient turnover
Nutrition:
… allows for rapid adjustment to changes in metabolic state
Nutrient turnover
Nutrition:
Definition of nutrient flux
Measure of activity through a metabolic pathway
Nutrition:
Nutrients and metabolites are present in several …
Pools
Nutrition:
The … is where nutrients and metabolites directly involves in the body’s functions are present
Functional pool
Nutrition:
The … is where nutrients and metabolites that provide buffering and availability for the functional pool are present
Storage pool
Nutrition:
The … is where nutrients and metabolites that provide the substrate for synthesis are present
Precursor pool
Nutrition:
Definition of a well balanced diet
A diet that supplies food that meets all nutrient requirements
Nutrition:
What are the 4 macronutrients
Fat, protein, carbohydrates and alcohol
Nutrition:
What are some examples of micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
Nutrition:
… are not digested in the upper GI tract like other carbohydrates, instead they are fermented in the large intestine and absorbed as …
Oligosaccharides
Short chain fatty acids
Nutrition:
What are the 2 main functions of carbohydrates
Energy source
Fuel for CNS
Nutrition:
… allows quantitative comparison of blood glucose responses to ingestion of equivalent amounts of carbohydrates from different foods
Glycaemic index
