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Medicine 3 > GIM Week 1 > Flashcards

GIM Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Embryology:

GI tract is the main organ system derived from which germ layer

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

Embryology:

What are the derivatives of the foregut

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach 
Duodenum (superior part and upper half of descending part)
Liver (and extra hepatic biliary duct) 
Pancreas
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3
Q

Embryology:

What are the derivatives of the midgut

A 
Duodenum (descending distal, horizontal and ascending parts)
Jejunum
Ileum 
Caecum
Appendix 
Ascending colon 
Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
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4
Q

Embryology:

What are the derivatives of the hindgut

A 
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon 
Rectum 
Upper part of anal canal
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5
Q

Embryology:

What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the foregut

A

Coeliac trunk

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6
Q

Embryology:

What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

Embryology:

What is the blood supply for the derivatives of the hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Embryology:

Dorsal mesentery attaches structures from the … to the …

A

Foregut, midgut and hindgut

Posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

Embryology:

Ventral mesentery attaches structures from the … only to the …

A

Foregut

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10
Q

Embryology:

The stomach rotates and moves in relation to …. This also leads to the the … forming a C shape

A

Surrounding viscera

Duodenum

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11
Q

Embryology:

Midgut is supsended from the doral abdominal wall via the … and communicates with the yolk sac via the …

A

Dorsal mesentery

Vitelline duct

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12
Q

Embryology:

The rotation and elongation of the midgut forms the coiled loops of the …

A

Jejunum and ileum

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13
Q

Embryology:
The pancreas forms from two buds which originate from the … of the …
The buds are called … and …

A

Endoderm, duodenum

Dorsal pancreatic bud, ventral pancreatic bud

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14
Q

Embryology:

In the development of the pancreas the … migrates towards the … as they both enlarge

A

Ventral pancreas

Dorsal pancreas

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15
Q

Embryology:

… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is a complete absence of a GI tract lumen

A

Atresia

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16
Q

Embryology:

… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is a narrowing of the GI tract lumen

A

Stenosis

17
Q

Embryology:

… is a congenital abnormality whereby there is 90 degrees anticlockwise rotation of the colon

A

Left sided colon

18
Q

Embryology:

Examples of abdominal wall defects whereby the intra-abdominal contents herniate through the wall include …

A

Gastroschisis

Omphalocele

19
Q

Nutrition:

Definition of nutrition

A

The provision of nourishment to cells, tissues, organs, systems and the body as a whole

20
Q

Nutrition:

Definition of dietetics

A

Diet as therapy/prevention of disease

21
Q

Nutrition:

Malnutrition includes both … and …

A

Under nutrition

Over nutrition

22
Q

Nutrition:

Metabolic substrates are continually being utilised and replaced, this is called …

A

Nutrient turnover

23
Q

Nutrition:

… allows for rapid adjustment to changes in metabolic state

A

Nutrient turnover

24
Q

Nutrition:

Definition of nutrient flux

A

Measure of activity through a metabolic pathway

25
Q

Nutrition:

Nutrients and metabolites are present in several …

A

Pools

26
Q

Nutrition:

The … is where nutrients and metabolites directly involves in the body’s functions are present

A

Functional pool

27
Q

Nutrition:

The … is where nutrients and metabolites that provide buffering and availability for the functional pool are present

A

Storage pool

28
Q

Nutrition:

The … is where nutrients and metabolites that provide the substrate for synthesis are present

A

Precursor pool

29
Q

Nutrition:

Definition of a well balanced diet

A

A diet that supplies food that meets all nutrient requirements

30
Q

Nutrition:

What are the 4 macronutrients

A

Fat, protein, carbohydrates and alcohol

31
Q

Nutrition:

What are some examples of micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

32
Q

Nutrition:
… are not digested in the upper GI tract like other carbohydrates, instead they are fermented in the large intestine and absorbed as …

A

Oligosaccharides

Short chain fatty acids

33
Q

Nutrition:

What are the 2 main functions of carbohydrates

A

Energy source

Fuel for CNS

34
Q

Nutrition:
… allows quantitative comparison of blood glucose responses to ingestion of equivalent amounts of carbohydrates from different foods

A

Glycaemic index

Medicine 3 (2 decks)

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