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Gilded Age Flashcards

1
Q

March 4, 1903

A

TR signs executive order saving Pelican Island as bird reserve

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2
Q

Cornelius Van Schaak Roosevelt

A

B 1794. Creates Roosevelt and Son hardware, has near monopoly on plate glass imports, invests wealth in Chemical Bank of New York

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3
Q

Seth Green

A

Premier angler around 1868; restocked Connecticut river with shad in 1867; recruited by RBR to restock Hudson river in 1871

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4
Q

September 1878 - TR

A

TR spends first summer in Maine woods with Will Sewall

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5
Q

October 1880

A

TR marries Alice.

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6
Q

January, 1882

A

TR starts term in New York’s state assembly in Albany

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7
Q

Northern Pacific Railroad

A

Lake Superior to the Pacific (Puget Sound) through Northwestern US. Approved by Congress in 1864; Construction started in 1870; Final Golden Spike driven by Ulysses S. Grant in 1883.

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8
Q

September 1883

A

TR visits badlands for the first time; invests $14,000 to partner in Maltese Cross Ranch.

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9
Q

Autumn 1886

A

TR runs for and loses New York Mayoral campaign.

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10
Q

Winter of the Blue Snow

A

Winter of 1886-1887. TR loses 60-75% of his cattle to extreme cold. Shuts down Maltese Cross/Elkhorn ranches.

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11
Q

1872 - congress

A

Establishes Yellowstone as America’s First National Park; U.S. Grant President.

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12
Q

1889-1895

A

TR appointed U.S. Civil Service Commissioner

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13
Q

Forest Reserve Act of 1891

A

Signed by Harrison; Section 24 gave the president the right to convert public land into forest reserves.

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14
Q

TR signs executive order saving Pelican Island as bird reserve

A

March 4, 1903

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15
Q

B 1794. Creates Roosevelt and Son hardware, has near monopoly on plate glass imports, invests wealth in Chemical Bank of New York

A

Cornelius Van Schaak Roosevelt

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16
Q

TR spends first summer in Maine woods with Will Sewall

A

September 1878 - TR

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17
Q

TR marries Alice.

A

October 1880

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18
Q

TR starts term in New York’s state assembly in Albany

A

January, 1882

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19
Q

Secretary of Smithsonian from 1878-1887. TR donates his “Roosevelt Museum” in 1882.

A

Spencer F. Baird

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20
Q

Lake Superior to the Pacific (Puget Sound) through Northwestern US. Approved by Congress in 1864; Construction started in 1870; Final Golden Spike driven by Ulysses S. Grant in 1883.

A

Northern Pacific Railroad

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21
Q

TR visits badlands for the first time; invests $14,000 to partner in Maltese Cross Ranch.

A

September 1883

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22
Q

TR runs for and loses New York Mayoral campaign.

A

Autumn 1886

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23
Q

Winter of 1886-1887. TR loses 60-75% of his cattle to extreme cold. Shuts down Maltese Cross/Elkhorn ranches.

A

Winter of the Blue Snow

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24
Q

Establishes Yellowstone as America’s First National Park; U.S. Grant President.

A

1872 - congress

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25
TR appointed U.S. Civil Service Commissioner
1889-1895
26
Signed by Harrison; Section 24 gave the president the right to convert public land into forest reserves.
Forest Reserve Act of 1891
27
1835
Andrew Carnegie Born
28
Andrew Carnegie Born
1835
29
J. Edgar Thomson
Head of Pennsylvania railroad from 1852-1874.
30
Tom Scott
1823-1881. 4th President of Pennsylvania railroad (1874-1880). U.S. Assistant Secretary of War during Civil War.
31
Piper & Shiffler
1862 to build iron railroad bridges in Pittsburgh. Carnegie, Thomson, Scott, and Jacob Linville, chief bridge engineer of Pennsylvania. Thomson and Scott are silent partners, ensuring lucrative contracts from the Pennsylvania railroad. Thomson's shares held in wife's name, others' in Carnegie's. Crony Capitalism.
32
Dodd Process for Steel Rails
Carnegie purchases US patent in 1865 to face iron with steel. Technology fails in 1867 and Carnegie and Thomson lose money.
33
Effect of railroads 1865-1900
Railroads enable national markets. By lowering the costs of transportation, the railroads lowered the final price of goods and produce, which led to a surge in national and international trade.
34
1870 - St. Louis
Carnegie partners with Tom Scott to build St. Louis bridge.
35
Carnegie partners with Tom Scott to build St. Louis bridge.
1870 - St. Louis
36
1875
St. Louis Bridge Company declares bankruptcy. Other arrangements had been made to cross Mississippi and few passengers used bridge.
37
St. Louis Bridge Company declares bankruptcy. Other arrangements had been made to cross Mississippi and few passengers used bridge.
1875
38
1870 - Tariff
Republican Congress imposes $28-a-ton tariff on imported steel. British steel mills lose competitive advantage.
39
Republican Congress imposes $28-a-ton tariff on imported steel. British steel mills lose competitive advantage.
1870
40
Edgar Thomson Steel Works
1872 at Braddock. Near coal, iron ore, Pennsylvania railroad, Baltimore & Ohio railroad, Monangahela river, and Pittsburgh. Created with William Coleman, Carnegie's oil business partner.
41
1872. Near coal, iron ore, Pennsylvania railroad, Baltimore & Ohio railroad, Monangahela river, and Pittsburgh. Created with William Coleman, Carnegie's oil business partner.
Edgar Thomson Steel Works
42
1881
Carnegie partners with Frick.
43
1885
New railroad track hits low for decade. Hundreds of companies that had gone deeply into debt in the expectation that the boom would continue failed. Between 1883 and 1886, twenty two national banks collapsed.
44
Young Rockefeller Job Search
August of 1855. Left to apply for work each morning at 8 o clock 6 days a week for 6 weeks.
45
Job Day
September 26 1855, hired at Hewitt and Tuttle
46
Panic of 1857
Ostensibly caused by end of Crimean War in 1856 reducing demand for American wheat. End of decade of railroad securities and land speculation.
47
Clark and Rockefeller begins
1858 after Hewitt spurned increasing his salary. Raised $2,000 of capital to start a firm to buy and sell produce (about $45k today).
48
32 River Street
Headquarters for Clark and Rockefeller
49
1850s whale fisheries
Failed to keep up with demand for whale oil. Only rich could afford to light their lamps.
50
1889 (Watson)
Ohio attorney general David K Watson finds Standard Oil trust agreement in the appendix of a book and files suit for violating Ohio law by having transferred ownership to out-of-state trustees in New York.
51
March 2 1892 (ohio supreme court)
Watson wins victory when Ohio Supreme Court says Standard Oil is controlled by trustees at 26 Broadway and had to renounce the trust agreement.
52
March 10, 1892
Standard Oil of Ohio trust dissolved. Repurposed in New Jersey using their state law that allows resident corps to hold stock in other corporations. Executive Committee dissolved and each member instead became a President of one of 20 different affiliated companies.
53
1893 Panic
June 1893 stock-market crash followed by failure of Erie and Northern Pacific Railroads. 600 banks closed by early 1894. Mass unemployment and violent strikes.
54
August 1895 (Mellon)
Having borrowed heavily against their Pittsburgh real estate, the Mellons are forced to sell Rockefeller their Crescent Pipe Line Company. 14,000 acres and 135 producing oil wells.
55
James Stillman
National City Bank director.
56
August 28, 1859
Drake finds oil in Titusville after erecting oil well based on technology from salt wells.
57
1863 (refining)
Rockefeller pledges $4,000 for half the working capital to start a refining business called Andrews, Clark, and Co with Samuel Andrews, an English chemist who knew how to refine.
58
sulfuric acid byproduct
Since a residue of sulfuric acid remained after refining, Rockefeller drew up plans to convert it to fertilizer.
59
February 1865 (clark partnership)
Rockefeller gets the Clarks to ask for a dissolution then rushes to post a notice in the paper, after having secured financing beforehand. He purchases their interest the next day at an auction and creates Rockefeller and Andrews.
60
After civil war
The triumph of the north meant the ascendancy of urbanization, immigration, industrial capitalism, and wage labor over an agrarian southern economy doomed to stagnate for decades. The war markedly accelerated the timetable of econoic development, promoting the growth of factories, mills, and railroads. By stimulating technological innovation and standardized products, it ushered in a more regimented economy. (98)
61
Postwar kerosene growth
The war had stimulated growth in the use of kerosene by cutting off the suplly of southern turpentine, which had yielded a rival illuminant called camphene. The war had also disrupted the whaling industry and led to a doubling of whale oil prices. Moving into the vacuum, kerosene emerged as an economic staple and was primed for a furious postwar boom.
62
December 1865 (refinery)
Rockefeller and Andrews inaugurate a second refinery, the Standard Works, with his brother William appointed its nominal head.

Gilded Age (1 decks)

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