Gilded Age Flashcards
Who gave the name the Gilded Age
Mark Twain
Why did American manufacturing flourish
Because of the new natural resources, growth in country added to size of National market, protective tariffs sheltered markets from foreign competition
The immigration rate in the US increased significantly between 1870 and 1880. What was living like for those immigrants?
Unhealthy living conditions, grinding poverty,
What did the Industrial Revolution bring to farms
Machines. Which meant fewer people had to work on farms
What happened when blacks could not find jobs on farms
They moved to the city and worked in factories for a lot less than the average worker
What industry was Rockefeller involved in
Oil refining
What industry was Carnegie involved in
steel refining
What opportunities did the steel industry open up
Allowed expansion of the railroad industry, allowed construction to more complex buildings.
What did the transportation innovation bring to America
Railroads, standard gauge, compressed air brakes, allowed inexpensive shipping, automobiles became substantial industry
What did the communication innovations bring to America
The telegraph allow businesses to place a long distance orders quickly thanks to Morse. Telephone brought both businesses and individual together thanks to bell, the type writer allowed quick production to legible documents thanks to Sholes
Edisons research lab consisted of
Lightbulb, phonograph, early motion pictures
Who is J.P. Morgan
Most influential and powerful figure in financial world, philosophy was the only ruthless competition would lead to economic stability, the cool and rational Morgan was a Advil art collector and one served as president of the Metropolitan Museum of art
Who was JD Rockefeller
He built fortunes in oil industry by using monopoly is swelling up competition and crooked deals with railroads.
What act found Rockefellers oil industry illegal
Shermans antitrust act of 1890
What is horizontal integration
Buying out all companies so that you have no competitors
Who used horizontal integration to his advantage
Rockefeller
What is vertical integration
Vertical integration is when you buy all the companies use that as your middleman to produce your product
What did the business owners due to the workers once they realize they could change the way they pay them
They can maximize the profit by giving their employees coupons to buy at the bosses stores
What is the national labor union
Made to organize skilled and unskilled workers farmers factory workers. It was on organized. No blocks all women’s were allowed in it. Supported those who fought for short candidate. It only existed for six years because of how broad it was
What were the knights of labor
Workers walk to organize it was a secret organization and it failed because it let anybody in
What is the Haymarket affair
Workers rallied around the idea of eight hour workdays. Mass arrests of radicals followed and eight anarcists convicted of bombing under questionable circumstances
What is the American Federation of labor’s AFL
Was founded by Samuel Gompers. Alliance of craft unions compromise of mostly skilled workers. Focused on concrete labor related goals like wages. Unlike knights of labor the AFL didn’t seek to overturn industrial wage and hour system in favor of the new social order
Who are scabs
Scabs are people who refuse to join a labor union will participate in a union strike
What is the Bessemer process
Allowed expansion to railroad industry allowed to hold buildings to be built the process of fair to make steel
Who was involved in the election of 1880
Republicans no longer support Hayes today nominate James Garfield. His VP was Chester Arthur. The Democratic nominated Winfield Scott Hancock
Who backed Edisons company
J.P. Morgan
