Gilded Age Flashcards
Gilded
thin coating of paint to look like precious metals
Gilded Age
between the reconstruction and progressive era
era of wealth but lots of poverty
US became global industrial power
sources of industry
rail road
rail road cars
electricity
steel
effects of rail road
193000 miles of track by 1900
times zones created in 1883
vertical integration
swift armour
not paying middleman
own every part of process
horizontal integration
rockefeller
own every company of one process
monopoly
trust
different names but same control
don’t own something outright, but controlled by the same person
Westinghouse
electricity
rockefeller
oil
carnegie
steel
pullman
train cars
munn vs IL
1877
government attempt to regulate grain warehouses
IL sets max rate warehouses can charge people
munn challenged it
not upheld because interstate trade
wabash vs IL
1886
IL attempts to regulate railroads (what they charge)
challenged by wabash
not upheld because interstate trade (only fed govt can control interstate trade
interstate commerce act
1887
you must publish rate
standardized rates per mile
intended to regulate railroads but not well done bc gilded age= $$$$$ for US
sherman anti-trust act
1890
if you act to monopolize or restrict fair traid you can be arrested
used mostly against labor unions (restraining trade)
US vs. Ecknight refinery
1895
buying out state so not regulated
EC knight claims manufacturing occurs in one place, therefore not interstate
upheld, manufacturing does not equal commerce
overturned 10-15 years later
Robber barons
those who dominated large industries
changes brought by gilded age
urbanization decrease in family size benefits in convenience changes in nature of work increased immigration class segregation in cities fait in progress and technology new ideas about how to approach increasing inequality
focus on image
body image fashion hygiene house appliances furniture
women
separate spheres intact
domestic
entertainers
children
indulged
toys
education
no longer a luxury for upper class, a necessity
guns
needed to protect
affordable
average income
$600/yr
needed income to live comfortably
$900/year
working family women
14 hour days
$1.50 a day
working family children
14 hour days
$1.00 a day
no education
no real childhood
space
overcrowded
renting
functionality>fashion
hygiene
could not be afforded by working class
entertainment for working families
no time for it
education for working families
not past 14
$= biggest priority
immigration 1890-1915
southern and eastern europeans
overall increase in number ( 5 goes to 15 (mil))
hungarian, turkish, lithuanian, russian, jewish, greek, italian, romaian
dumbbell tenament
sign of poverty
unhealthy
unventilated
push factor
why people leave
pull factor
why people come
landsmen
people from the same original country as someone
greenhorns
newest arrived immigrants
embarrassing
tenements
crowded apartments
nativism
people against immigrants
settlement houses
community centers to help immigrants
Jane Addams
Hull House
supported job regulation
Henry George
land ownership= source of poverty
wanted land tax
land should be a right
andrew carnegie philosophy
poverty comes from laziness, drunkenness, idleness
channeling resources= solution to poverty
rich people should donate to create libraries/ resources for impoverished, not donate to them
william graham sumner
social darwinism
virtue determines profit
dont tax rich
no govt involvement
samuel gompers
against immigrants
moderate not socialist
unions= solution to poverty, protect rights
horatio alger
street urchins can pull themselves out of poverty if they use willpower
pluck and luck
author of ragged dick
edward bellamy
book set in 2000
workers rights, minimum wage, etc
government should create utopia
jacob riis
housing conditions trap people in cycle of poverty
increase education, safer rec centers/parks
no more tenaments
washington gladden
social gospel movement religion into other aspects of life love thy neighbor as thyself integrate african americans unions encourages govt involvement
josephine shaw lowell
poor wages= cause of poverty
consumer league–> only buy things from manufacturers who pay fair wages
limit community support but integrate impoverished into society
gilded age presidents
laissez faire
republican
laissez faire
no government involvement in economy
pensions
funding of civil war veterans
sympathy of the republic
pensions go up
largest burden on US govt at the time
gilded age business
corruption and political machines
tanmamy hall
democratic political machine
stalawarts
republican political machine
half breeds
republican political machine
pendleton act
test to demonstrate ability to have govt jobs
merit test
avoid corruption
garfield
assassinated
killed by henry guteau
tariffs
disagreed upon between parties
reps want high dems want low
income tax
grover cleveland tried to pass 1st peace time tax
5% wealthiest get taxed
supreme court strike it down
pollock case
supreme court strike down income tax
currency reguation
gold standard
add free silver (populists)
sherman silver purpose
under benjamin harrison
bimetallic standard
revoked by cleveland in 1892
modern campaigning
beginning of modern campaigning hiring of people to help you get elected large campaign staff national travel media saturation raising $ to campaign
imperialism
most presidents pro imperialism (except cleveland) monetary gains resources trade ports manifest destiny asia pacific caribbean
mckinley
pro business
shot by polish immigrant
enemy of the working people according to ^
segregation
jim crow laws poll taxes literacy tests grandfather clause lynching
brooker t washington
born in south
born into slavery
submissive
emphasized hard work
W E B DuBois
born in noth
first african american to receive pHd from Harvard
encourages AA progress
bold
tuskegee institute
started by washington in 1888
vocational educational skills
national negro business league
established by washington in 1900
national association for the advancement of colored people
establish by duBois in 1909
plessy vs fergusson
1896
upholds jim crow laws
separate but equal
new south
industrialized
increasing AA immigration to urban areas
ida wells barnett
red record 1895 recorded lynching wanted federal anti lynching laws never happens had to move b/c life was threatened
