GIGUERE - LECTURE 3 Flashcards
why study the mechanisms of transcriptional control
what is the definition of transcription
the first of many steps required for the expression of genetic information encoded in chromosomes
the process through which the RNA polymerase I, II and III use DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA copy of a given gene
what does transcription regulation underlie
what percentage of the genome encodes proteins and what does the rest do
what do prokaryotes rely on for their transcription
what are the three ways in which eukaryotes control gene expression
- chromatin
- introns
- enhancers
how does chromatin regulate transcription
what are introns
what are enhancers
what has the development of high throughput sequencing allowed for
what are general transcription factors (GTFs) and what do they do
what happens before the initiation of transcription
what happens after transcription initiation
where do TFs bind on the genome?
what do pioneer factors do
what is the passive role of the pioneer factors
prior and stable binding of a pioneer factor to an enhancer serves to prime the binding of TFs thus increasing the rapidity of transcriptional response during development or hormonal response
what is the active role of pioneer factors
pioneer factors directly facilitate other TFs binding to nucleosomal DNA or open up the local chromatin to indirectly promote other factors to bind
what is the difference between pioneer and TF binding
TFs bind DNA very fast, it’s transient, they come and they go
pioneer factors stay stably bound
what is FOXA1 and how does it work
how do transcription factors find their specific factors?
how does fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) work and what does it tell us?
how do TFs find their specific targets once they bind to open chromatin?
