GIGU SAQ. Edocrine & pituitary horm

Question 1

(3) major protein horm mechanisms

Answer 1

1. adenylyl cyclase mech - cAMP
2. Phospholipid mechanism - IP3
3. Tyrosine kinase / cytokinase receptor mechanism

Question 2

amine horm are derived from ___

Answer 2

tyrosine

Question 3

enzyme converting tyrosine –> L-DOPA

Answer 3

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 4

enzyme converting L-DOPA –> dopamine

Answer 4

Dopa decarboxylase

Question 5

enzyme converting dopamine –> NE

Answer 5

dopamine B-Hydroxylase

Question 6

enzyme that coverted NE –> EN

Answer 6

phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase

Question 7

(5) amine hormones (derived from tyrosine)

Answer 7

dopamine
T3 & T4
NE/ EN

Question 8

thyroid horm fxn is to ____ in cell nucleus

Answer 8

incr gene transcription

Question 9

protein derived horm attach to _____ receptor

Answer 9

wall of the cell membrane receptor

Question 10

Steroid derived hormones pass through the cell membrane and attach to ___

Answer 10

cytoplasmic receptors

Question 11

Thyroid horm attaches to ___ receptors

Answer 11

nuclear receptors

Question 12

_____: how long it takes a horm to be removed fromthe body

(4) ways to get rid of it

Answer 12

Plasma 1/2 life

how:
1. metabolic destruction by tiss
2. binding with tiss
3. excretion by the liver into bile
4. urinary excretion

Question 13

Responsiveness / sensitivity of a target tiss can be changed by what two factors

Answer 13

1. changing the number of receptors

2. changing the horm receptor affinity

Question 14

______ are proteins that couple horm receptors to effector enzymes

Answer 14

G proteins

Question 15

When a GTP & alpha subunit bind to a receptor ___ mechanism is activated

Answer 15

adenylyl cyclase mech

Question 16

adenylyl cyclase mech. wil convert ___ –> ___

Answer 16

ATP –> cAMP

incr Gs protein = incr cAMP

Question 17

when the adenylyl cyclase receptor is activated by a Gs protein this occurs: 
moves\_\_\_\_\_
activates other \_\_\_\_
incr\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ contraction / relaxation 
\_\_\_\_ syn 
Secretion of \_\_\_\_

Answer 17

moves aquaporins 
activates other enzymes 
incr permeability (ex ADH)
M contraction/ relaxation 
Protein syn 
secretion of other horm

Question 18

____ will deactivate cAMP and convert it to 5’ AMP during adenylyl cylase mech

Answer 18

phosphodiesterase

prevents phosphorylation

Question 19

_____ mechanism: enzyme catalyze the breakdown of some phospholipids in the cell membrane

Answer 19

phospholipase Mechanism

Question 20

another name for anterior pituitary

Answer 20

adenohypophyseal horm

Question 21

Where are the cell bodies of ADH and oxytocin located

Answer 21

supraoptic nuclei
&
paraventricular nuclei

Question 22

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary are linked by _____

Answer 22

hypothalamic hypophysial portal blood vessel

derived from foregut

Question 23

where is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal bood vessel derived from

Answer 23

foregut

Question 24

hypophysiotrophic horm stim ___ horm

Answer 24

adenohypophyseal hormones

Question 25

ACTH acts on ____ cells

Answer 25

corticotropes