Giddens 40 Ethics Flashcards
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes)
_______ enable us to think critically to rank our ethical obligations and priorities
ethical reflection and analysis
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
_______ is a method of ensuring that the action we take is well reasoned and can be justified.
ethical decision making
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
________ enables us to act on our decisions even under the most challenging circumstances.
moral courage
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
The various approaches to ethics begin with ________, the branch of philosophy that considers fundamental questions about the nature, source, and meaning of concepts such as good and bad or right and wrong. Rather than making judgments about right and wrong, it provides a foundation for how to think about right and wrong or good and bad, and it provides a common language to use when considering the ethical or moral dimensions of a situation
metaethics
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
______ ethics deals with very specific judgments about right and wrong in everyday actions
Normative
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
_____ ethics refers to the process of applying ethical theory and reasoning to daily life. Sometimes called “practical ethics.” Provides justification for specific actions based on ethical reflection and reasoning.
applied
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p390)
_______ ethics that serve the larger community.
societal
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
What provides a strong normative basis for ethical behavior through the legal and regulatory systems?
Society
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ is a minimum standard of behavior to which all members of society are held and that, generally, serves the interests of society as a whole
Law
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
______ standards such as the clinical standard of care, liability, negligence, and malpractice are based on legal and ethical obligations owed to patients
Legal
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
________ is the most basic ethical standard required for the privilege of working as a licensed professional
Following the law
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ ethics involves a set of formal and informal principles and values that guide the behavior, decisions, and actions taken by members.
Organizational
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
To ensure ethical operation principles and values are expressed in the organization, what are developed?
Oerganiational systems, practices, policies, and procedures developed
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ ethics refers to the ethical standards and expectations of a particular profession.
Professional
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
Because professions have __________, their members are often held to a higher standard in terms of ethics
held a privileged role in society
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
The _______ establishes clear priorities in the ethical practice of nursing, such as compassion, respect, and primary commitment to the patient as well as advocacy for patient rights
Code of Ethics for Nurses of the American Nurses Association (ANA)
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ and its subcategory of clinical ethics are closely related to professional ethics
Bioethics
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
Bioethics and its subcategory of _______ are closely related to professional ethics
clinical ethics
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
______ deals broadly with ethical questions surrounding the biological sciences, emerging healthcare technologies, and health policy.
Bioethics
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ ethics is involved primarily with decision-making at the bedside and other patient-specific issues
Clinical
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
______ ethics is a specialized field within bioethics that examines the ethical conduct of research using human subjects and animals.
Research
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
Perhaps most important, ________ ethics describes an individual’s own ethical foundations and practice
personal
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
_______ initially forms the most powerful influence on ethics, providing many of our earliest lessons about “right and wrong.”
Family
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p391)
An _______ is simply a problem with an ethical dimension.
ethical problem
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
A(n) _______ involves a problem for which in order to do something right you have to do something wrong.
ethical dilemma
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
A popular model for clinical decision making is the ________ method of Jonsen et al
four topics
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
The four topics within the model for ethical clinical decision making:
medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
An _________ is a question that challenges you to consider a particular ethical concept, principle, or perspective in your analysis
ethical question
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
The four ethical principles most often cited are
respect for persons
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
(+fidelity)
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
_______ simply maintains that human beings have an unconditional moral worth that requires us to treat each individual person with great value, dignity, and respect
Respect for persons
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
The ethical principle of ______ is an important extension of this principle and suggests that patients must be treated in a way that respects their self-determination by expressing their wishes and making informed choices about their treatment
autonomy
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
Another ethical principle closely related to autonomy is _____ or the principle of truth telling.
veracity
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
______ directs us to act in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm
Nonmaleficence
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
______ is an obligation to do good by acting in ways that promote the welfare and best interests of others
Beneficence
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
The concept of ______ is particularly complex, and there are no universally accepted definitions of what constitutes it.
justice
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
At a minimum, the principle of ______ is concerned with treating people equitably, fairly, and appropriately.
justice
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
______ is the principle that requires us to act in ways that are loyal.
Fidelity
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p392)
An ethic of _____ is based on the ethical approach of deontology, in which moral duties are seen as self-evident, needing no further justification.
duty
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
An ethic of _____ is based on a teleological view that moral actions are defined entirely on the basis of the outcomes or consequences of an action
consequences
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_____ theories often weigh the advantages and disadvantages, or the harms and benefits, of different actions in the same situation
Consequence-based
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_____, a common teleological theory, assumes that a moral action is one that results in the greatest good for the greatest number
Utilitarianism
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
Theories that emphasize ______ are classified under the general category of virtue ethics
character
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
Theories that emphasize character are classified under the general category of _____ ethics
virtue
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
virtue ethics relies on the ______ of the individual as the primary source of moral action.
character
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_______ are character traits that predispose a person with good intentions to act with practical wisdom.
Virtues
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_____ virtues include respect, honesty, sympathy, charity, kindness, loyalty, and fairness,
Moral
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_____ virtues include intelligence, patience, prudence, and shrewdness.
practical
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
Arguments are emerging for _____ theory to be the core of nursing ethics
virtue
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
Crigger and Godfrey argue for an emphasis on the virtues of (4)
compassion
integrity
humility
courage
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
The _____ approaches difficult ethical situations in a context-specific manner that searches for solutions in the particular details of the situation
ethic of care
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p393)
_______ occurs when you are unable to act upon what you believe is the morally appropriate action to take or when you otherwise act in a manner contrary to your personal and professional values due to perceived institutional, procedural, or social constraints.
Moral distress
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
In other words, ______ is when you know what to do, but believe you cannot do it due to internal or external barriers
Moral distress
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
The impact of moral distress occurs in two parts. When the ______ occurs, moral distress can result in frustration, anger, guilt, anxiety, withdrawal, self-blame, and other stress-related symptoms
first
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
The _____ part of moral distress is referred to as reactive distress or moral residue
second
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
The _____ part of moral distress is characterized by lingering feelings that can accumulate over time with each subsequent experience of moral distress.
second
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
Which response to moral residue is characterized by: heightened response, leads healthcare professionals to engage in activities of conscientious objection, such as voicing opposition to a plan of care or refusing to follow orders.
First
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
Which response to moral residue is characterized by desensitization with a tendency to be passive or to simply withdraw from situations in which they feel ethically challenged
Second
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
Which response to moral residue is characterized by strong, ongoing physical and psychological stresses that often lead to burnout and leaving the profession
Third
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p394)
Moral _____ is an emerging concept used to describe the ability of individuals to cope with ethical dilemmas and moral distress and restore integrity
resilience
(Giddens 40 Ethics Notes p395)
The scope of ethical issues in nursing can be generally examined across the broad categories of _____ issues (3):
clinical, organizational, and health policy
Clinical issues can be further subdivided into those at (3):
the beginning of life
across the lifespan
at the end
