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Parasitology Finals (lec) > Giardia lamblia > Flashcards

Giardia lamblia Flashcards

1
Q

GIve the kingdom, phyla, subphyla and the class for Protozoan Flagellates

A
  • Kingdom Protozoa
  • Phylum Sarcomastigophora
  • Subphyla Mastigophora
  • Class Zoomastigophora
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2
Q

Describe the morphological characteristics of Flagellates

A
  • Protozoa that bear one to several long, delicate, thread-like extensions or whip-like structures of the cytoplasm (flagella)
  • Presence of central supporting rod (axostyle) & an undulating membrane supported at the base by a basal fiber are observed in some species
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3
Q

Enumerate the habitat classifications for Flagellates

A
  • Intestinal, oral, and genital flagellates
  • Blood and Tissue flagellates (Hemoflagellates)
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4
Q

If the locomotory organ for Amoebas constitute to pseudopodia, what about the locomotory organ for Flagellates?

A

Flagella

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5
Q

Other charateristics for flagellates

A
  • Undulating membrane (membrane laterally projecting from the body of certain flagellates, participates inactive motility of the flagella)
  • Axostyle/axial rod (supports loco motion)
  • Costa (rib-like structure with in the cytostome)
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6
Q

Who and when was G, lamblia first discovered?

A

First discovered by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek using his own stool in 1681

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7
Q

Who first describe G. lamblia in one of Antione Van Leeuwenhoek tools?

A

First described by Lambl in 1859 who coined it Cercomonal intestinalis

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8
Q

Asexual resproduction for G. lamblia

A

Binary fission

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: G. lamblia is not the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellate

A

False, only G. lamblia is considered to be a pathogenic intestinal flagellate

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10
Q

C. intestinalis can be cultured in what method/s?

A

Diamond’s medium or Robertson’s medium

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: G. duodenale passes its life cycle in one host

A

True, since it only has a direct life cycle

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12
Q

Give the old world common name for Giardia lamblia

A
  • G. Lamblia (renamed by Stiles in 1915)
  • G. intestinalis,
  • Lamblia duodenalis,
  • L. intestinalis,
  • Cercomonas intestinalis*
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13
Q

New world common name for Giardia lamblia

A

Giardia duodenale

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14
Q

Enumerate the habitat of Giardia lamblia

A
  • Duodenum (where it performs excystation for ~30mins.),
  • jejunum,
  • and upper ileum
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15
Q

Describe the morphological structures of G. lamblia

A

Pear-shaped or teardrop shaped
with “falling leaf” Motility (trophozoites)
Resembles and old man with whiskers,
a cartoon character and/or a monkey’s face

*Whiskers are associated to its flagella

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: motility of G. lamblia is best observed in a fresh smear

A

TRUE, examination should be within 30mins after collection of the sample since Trophozoites deteriorate rapidly when left overtime

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17
Q

What are the two (2) morphologcal forms of G. duodenale

A
  • Trophozoites (vegetative stage, reproductive stage)
  • cysts (infective stage, non-motile)
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18
Q

GIve the MOT for G. lamblia

A
  • Ingestion of contaminated food or water
  • Anal-to-oral sexual practice (high among homosexuals)
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19
Q

Enumerate the pathogenesis for G. lamblia

A
  • Giardiasis (Beaver-fever), Traveller’s Diarrhea, Gay-bowel syndrome
  • Abdominal pain, cramping, epigastric pain, flatulence
  • Stool is voluminous and foul smelling
  • Acute infection (excessive flatus) has a “rotten egg”
  • Steatorrhea (chronic) (passage of fats in stool)
20
Q

Drug of choice for G. lamblia

A

Metronidazole 250mg 3x a day for 5-7 days

21
Q

Enumerate the Laboratory Dx for G. lamblia

A

✓ Stool Exam
Identification of cysts & trophozoites
✓ Duodenal Aspirates
✓ Beale String Test/Entero-Test
✓ Immunochromatography
✓ Direct Fluorescent Antibody Assay

22
Q

Determine what diagnostic test is employed:
A capsule with a string is swallowed by the patient until it reaches the gastric contentofthe stomach; removed after 4-6 hours

A

Beale string test/Enterotest

23
Q

Determine what diagnostic test is employed:
* For antigen detection in stool
* Utilizes the VSPs

A

Immunochromatography test

24
Q

Determine what diagnostic test is employed:
* Serological Gold standard test for detection of G. lamblia infection

A

Direct Flourescent Antibody Assay

25
Q

Motility:
*Erratic tumbling motion
*“Falling leaf”

A

Trophozoite

26
Q

Motility:
Non-motile; Infective stage

A

Cysts

27
Q

Shape:
*Pear shaped with rounded anterior & pointed
posterior end
*“Old man with eyeglasses”

A

Trophozoites

28
Q

Shape:
*Pear shaped with rounded anterior & pointed
posterior end *“Old man with eyeglasses”

A

Trophozoites

29
Q

Shape:
Ovoid, football shaped

A

Cysts

30
Q

Appearance:
Bilaterally symmetrical w/ distinct medial line
called the axostyle

A

Trophozoites

31
Q

Appearance:
Thick shell (doublewalled)
Retracted from cell wall

A

Cysts

32
Q

Nuclei:
Two ovoid shaped w/ large karyosome
no perichromatin

A

Trophozoites

33
Q

Nuclei:
2 pairs of nuclei (quadrinucleated) (mature)*
Central karyosomes
No peripheral chromatin

A

Cysts

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Young cyst has only 3 nucleus

A

FALSE, Trophs has only 2 cysts where is develops into young cysts

35
Q

How many flagella does G. lamblia trophozoites contain?

A

8 flagella
(2 anterior, 2 posterior, 2 ventral, and 2 cadual

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In G. lamblia cysts, the Flagella is retracted to axoneme (median body)

A

TRUE

37
Q

Present axostyle with parabasal body (energy)
Multiplies by Longitudinal Binary Fission
Covered with variantspecific surface proteins (VSPs)

A

Trophozoites

38
Q

Deeply stained curved fibril

A

Cysts

39
Q

this enzyme facilitates attachment of the parasite into the intestinal cells upon exposure to duodenal content secretions

A

Lectins

40
Q

Used for attachment to intestinal cells of the body w/c can cause mechanical irritation

A

Presence of sucking discs

41
Q

What morphological forms can VPSs be determined?

A

VSPs are surface antigens present around the
trophozoite

42
Q

Which parasite can cause Giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia

43
Q

Known reservoir hosts for Giardia lamblia

A

Beavers (causes Beaver-fever)

44
Q

Describe the epidemiology for Giardiasis

A
  • Giardiasis is more common to male than female
  • Direct oral-anal sex contact men who have sex with other men may increase the risk
  • Mostly reported outside the Philippines
45
Q

Describe the epidemiology for Giardiasis

A
  • Giardiasis is more common to male than female
  • Direct oral-anal sex contact men who have sex with other men may increase the risk
  • Mostly reported outside the Philippines

Parasitology Finals (lec) (3 decks)

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