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stage 1 Gastrointestinal tract > GI2 Accesory glands and secretion > Flashcards

GI2 Accesory glands and secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What affects saliva flow rate?

A
  1. mechanical action of chewing
  2. taste
  3. circadian rhythm
  4. diet
  5. individual variation
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2
Q

WHat are the 2 classificaitons of structure of accessory glands?

A
  1. unicellular

2. multicellular (tubular and acinar)

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3
Q

Describe unicellular glands:

e.g*2

A

Individual cells within an epithelium

e. g. Type II alveolar cells
e. g. goblet cells

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4
Q

Describe multicellular glands that are tubular:

e. g. simple
e. g. compound

A

-Tubular glands (cells lie along ducts)
e.g Simple tubular (intestinal glands, sweat glands)
 Compound tubular (gastric glands)

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5
Q

Describe multicellular glands that are acinar:

e. g. simple
e. g. compound

A

(cells in sac at end of duct)
 Simple acinar (sebaceous)
 Compound acinar (parotid, pancreas)
-Compound tubulo-acinar (submandibular)

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6
Q

Acinar vs tubular glands:

A

acinar cells have sacs at the edn fo ducts

tubular have cells along ducts.

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7
Q

What are the salivary producing glands?

A
  • Parotid glands
  • Submandibular glands
  • Sublingual glands
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8
Q

Parotid.

  1. Secretion type:
  2. location:
  3. Inneravations:
  4. route of saliva:
A

Serous secretions

  1. Subcutaneously in front of ear and behind ramus of mandible
  2. Innervated by facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves
  3. Parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) runs around masseter and opens into oral cavity (opposite 2nd maxillary molar.
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9
Q

Submandibular

  1. Secretion type:
  2. location:
  3. Inneravations:
  4. route of saliva:
A
  1. Mixed (mainly serous secretions)
  2. Posterior part of floor of mouth
    Wrapped around the posterior part of mylohoid muscle
  3. Innervated by lingual branch of facial (VII) nerve via the submandibular ganglion.
  4. Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct) runs forward above mylohyoid and opens into oral cavity beneath the tongue (lateral to lingual frenum)
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10
Q

Sublingual

  1. Secretion type:
  2. location:
  3. Inneravations:
  4. route of saliva:
A
  1. Mixed (mainly mucous secretions)
  2. Anterior part of floor of mouth between oral mucosa and mylohyoid
  3. Innervated by lingual branch of facial (VII) nerve via the submandibular ganglion.
  4. Small ducts (ducts of Rivinus) open into oral cavity along sublingual fold
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11
Q

Where are the minor salivaryglands?

A

small aggregates in the submucosa of oral cavity but not found in gingiva or central hard palate ( beneath the epithelium and lamina propria

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12
Q

1) What type of secretions are minor salivary glands?

2) What is the exception to this rule?

A

1) mixed (mainly mucous)

2) von Ebner’s glands are serous

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13
Q

What are the main structural features of salivary glands

A
  • Acinar cells (similar structure to enterocytes (columnar cells in small intestine)) + myoepithelial cells (surrounding serous demilunes)
    -Mucous tubular cells
    -Serous demilune at end of mucous tubule
    -Intercalated duct
    -Striated duct
    (ionic modification)
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14
Q

A serous acinus secretes proteins in an ____a_______

A mucous acinuss secretes secretes _____b________

A

a) isotonic watery fluid.

b) mucin - lubricant

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15
Q

Where does the main excretory duct of salivary glands lead to?

A

oral cavity

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16
Q

Excretory ducts vs striated ducts

A

Excretory ducts (interlobular; interlobar)

Striated ducts (intralobular)

17
Q

What is the function of intercalated ducts?

A

connect acini with striated ducts

18
Q

Describe secretory end pieces:

A

bunch of grapes, where the stalk is the shared lumen of a group of secretory cells (grapes)

19
Q

ntercellular canaliculi

A

one of the fine channels between adjoining secretory cells, such as those between serous cells in salivary glands.

20
Q

How can secretory surface are increased?

A

The lumen of an acinus may be extended by intercellular canaliculi and opens into an intercalated duct.

21
Q

Give the cell type of the following:

1) excretory duct
2) striated duct
3) Intercalated duct

A

1) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
2)Simple columnar epithelium
3)Simple cuboidal epithelium
(central nuclei)

22
Q

What is the role of:

1) striated duct
2) Intercalated duct

A

1) Involved in modification of primary saliva:
Reabsorption and secretion of electrolytes (striations = membrane folds)
2) Contribute macromolecular components to
saliva: Lysozyme, lactotransferrin)

23
Q

What are the 2 options for secretory end pieces?

A
  1. serous acinus

2. mucous alveolus

24
Q

Describe of serous acinus:

  1. shape
  2. lumen size
  3. nuclei
  4. Are intercellular canaliculi present?
A

Spherical shape

Small lumen (Lu)

Larger, spherical nuclei (N)

Intercellular canaliculi (arrowheads)

25
Q

Describe of mucous acinus:

  1. shape
  2. lumen size
  3. nuclei
  4. Are intercellular canaliculi present?
A

Tubular shape

Larger lumen (Lu)

Compressed nuclei (N)

No intercellular canaliculi

26
Q

Where are seous demilunes found?

A

mixed glands (mainly submandibular)

27
Q

1) What is the function of myoepithelial cells:
2) What joins them to secretory cells
3) Give 4 functions:

A

1)Contractile cells associated with
secretory units and intercalated ducts
2) desmosomes
3)Support saliva secretion

Expel primary saliva into the duct system

Maintain cell polarity and structural integrity of acinus

Tumour suppressor activity
(barrier against invasive cells)

28
Q

What are the 4 functions of saliva?

A

1) Helps to form a food bolus
2) Functions to moisten, lubricate
3) initiate digestion of food
- Mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, electrolytes and water
- Main enzyme is salivary -amylase
4. Saliva also contains secretory IgA ( principal antibody class in the secretion)

29
Q

What apparatus can you use to collect saliva from:

1) Parotid
2) submandibular/sublingual

A

Parotid
Lashley cannula
Curby Cup

Submandibular/sublingual
Schneyer’s apparatus

30
Q

Give the flow rates for people who are:

1) healthy
2) hyposalivation
3) Xerostomia

A

1) 27ml/h
2) 1-4ml/h
3) less than 1 ml/h

31
Q

Organic components of saliva:

A

Organic components of saliva:

  1. proteins–immunoglobulins, albumins, glycoprotein, enzymes
  2. non-proteins nitrate compounds –urea, urea acid, amino acids, creatinine
  3. lipids–unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, lecithin, phospholipids
  4. hormones–steroids
32
Q

Inorganic components of saliva:

A

ANIONS PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4, Cl-, F-, I- , HCO3-

CATIONS: Mg++, Ca++, K+, Na+

33
Q

Give the a) resting and b) acid stimulated gland rate of secretion for:

1) Submandibular
2) Sublingual
3) Parotid

A

1) a) 0.26 b)0..48
2) a) 0.012 b)0.02
3) a) 0.11 b)0.29

34
Q

What is the function of inorganic substances in saliva (i.e. water , electrolyte solution (Na+, K+, Cl-))

A

moistens food

35
Q

What is the function of organic substances in saliva (i.e. mucus and enzymes?

A

mucus= lubricant

enzyme- starch and lipid digestion

36
Q

NEED TO ADD HISTOLOHGY PICS

A

gfds

stage 1 Gastrointestinal tract (12 decks)

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