GI2 Accesory glands and secretion

Question 1

What affects saliva flow rate?

Answer 1

1. mechanical action of chewing
2. taste
3. circadian rhythm
4. diet
5. individual variation

Question 2

WHat are the 2 classificaitons of structure of accessory glands?

Answer 2

1. unicellular

2. multicellular (tubular and acinar)

Question 3

Describe unicellular glands:

e.g*2

Answer 3

Individual cells within an epithelium

e. g. Type II alveolar cells
e. g. goblet cells

Question 4

Describe multicellular glands that are tubular:

e. g. simple
e. g. compound

Answer 4

-Tubular glands (cells lie along ducts)
e.g Simple tubular (intestinal glands, sweat glands)
 Compound tubular (gastric glands)

Question 5

Describe multicellular glands that are acinar:

e. g. simple
e. g. compound

Answer 5

(cells in sac at end of duct)
 Simple acinar (sebaceous)
 Compound acinar (parotid, pancreas)
-Compound tubulo-acinar (submandibular)

Question 6

Acinar vs tubular glands:

Answer 6

acinar cells have sacs at the edn fo ducts

tubular have cells along ducts.

Question 7

What are the salivary producing glands?

Answer 7

• Parotid glands
• Submandibular glands
• Sublingual glands

Question 8

Parotid.

1. Secretion type:
2. location:
3. Inneravations:
4. route of saliva:

Answer 8

Serous secretions

2. Subcutaneously in front of ear and behind ramus of mandible
3. Innervated by facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves
4. Parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) runs around masseter and opens into oral cavity (opposite 2nd maxillary molar.

Question 9

Submandibular

1. Secretion type:
2. location:
3. Inneravations:
4. route of saliva:

Answer 9

1. Mixed (mainly serous secretions)
2. Posterior part of floor of mouth
   Wrapped around the posterior part of mylohoid muscle
3. Innervated by lingual branch of facial (VII) nerve via the submandibular ganglion.
4. Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct) runs forward above mylohyoid and opens into oral cavity beneath the tongue (lateral to lingual frenum)

Question 10

Sublingual

1. Secretion type:
2. location:
3. Inneravations:
4. route of saliva:

Answer 10

1. Mixed (mainly mucous secretions)
2. Anterior part of floor of mouth between oral mucosa and mylohyoid
3. Innervated by lingual branch of facial (VII) nerve via the submandibular ganglion.
4. Small ducts (ducts of Rivinus) open into oral cavity along sublingual fold

Question 11

Where are the minor salivaryglands?

Answer 11

small aggregates in the submucosa of oral cavity but not found in gingiva or central hard palate ( beneath the epithelium and lamina propria

Question 12

1) What type of secretions are minor salivary glands?

2) What is the exception to this rule?

Answer 12

1) mixed (mainly mucous)

2) von Ebner’s glands are serous

Question 13

What are the main structural features of salivary glands

Answer 13

• Acinar cells (similar structure to enterocytes (columnar cells in small intestine)) + myoepithelial cells (surrounding serous demilunes)
  -Mucous tubular cells
  -Serous demilune at end of mucous tubule
  -Intercalated duct
  -Striated duct
  (ionic modification)

Question 14

A serous acinus secretes proteins in an ____a_______

A mucous acinuss secretes secretes _____b________

Answer 14

a) isotonic watery fluid.

b) mucin - lubricant

Question 15

Where does the main excretory duct of salivary glands lead to?

Answer 15

oral cavity

Question 16

Excretory ducts vs striated ducts

Answer 16

Excretory ducts (interlobular; interlobar)

Striated ducts (intralobular)

Question 17

What is the function of intercalated ducts?

Answer 17

connect acini with striated ducts

Question 18

Describe secretory end pieces:

Answer 18

bunch of grapes, where the stalk is the shared lumen of a group of secretory cells (grapes)

Question 19

ntercellular canaliculi

Answer 19

one of the fine channels between adjoining secretory cells, such as those between serous cells in salivary glands.

Question 20

How can secretory surface are increased?

Answer 20

The lumen of an acinus may be extended by intercellular canaliculi and opens into an intercalated duct.

Question 21

Give the cell type of the following:

1) excretory duct
2) striated duct
3) Intercalated duct

Answer 21

1) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
2)Simple columnar epithelium
3)Simple cuboidal epithelium
(central nuclei)

Question 22

What is the role of:

1) striated duct
2) Intercalated duct

Answer 22

1) Involved in modification of primary saliva:
Reabsorption and secretion of electrolytes (striations = membrane folds)
2) Contribute macromolecular components to
saliva: Lysozyme, lactotransferrin)

Question 23

What are the 2 options for secretory end pieces?

Answer 23

1. serous acinus

2. mucous alveolus

Question 24

Describe of serous acinus:

1. shape
2. lumen size
3. nuclei
4. Are intercellular canaliculi present?

Answer 24

Spherical shape

Small lumen (Lu)

Larger, spherical nuclei (N)

Intercellular canaliculi (arrowheads)

Question 25

Describe of mucous acinus: 1. shape 2. lumen size 3. nuclei 4. Are intercellular canaliculi present?

Answer 25

Tubular shape Larger lumen (Lu) Compressed nuclei (N) No intercellular canaliculi

Question 26

Where are seous demilunes found?

Answer 26

mixed glands (mainly submandibular)

Question 27

1) What is the function of myoepithelial cells: 2) What joins them to secretory cells 3) Give 4 functions:

Answer 27

1)Contractile cells associated with secretory units and intercalated ducts 2) desmosomes 3)Support saliva secretion Expel primary saliva into the duct system Maintain cell polarity and structural integrity of acinus Tumour suppressor activity (barrier against invasive cells)

Question 28

What are the 4 functions of saliva?

Answer 28

1) Helps to form a food bolus 2) Functions to moisten, lubricate 3) initiate digestion of food - Mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, electrolytes and water - Main enzyme is salivary -amylase 4. Saliva also contains secretory IgA ( principal antibody class in the secretion)

Question 29

What apparatus can you use to collect saliva from: 1) Parotid 2) submandibular/sublingual

Answer 29

Parotid Lashley cannula Curby Cup Submandibular/sublingual Schneyer’s apparatus

Question 30

Give the flow rates for people who are: 1) healthy 2) hyposalivation 3) Xerostomia

Answer 30

1) 27ml/h 2) 1-4ml/h 3) less than 1 ml/h

Question 31

Organic components of saliva:

Answer 31

Organic components of saliva: 1. proteins–immunoglobulins, albumins, glycoprotein, enzymes 2. non-proteins nitrate compounds –urea, urea acid, amino acids, creatinine 3. lipids–unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, lecithin, phospholipids 4. hormones–steroids

Question 32

Inorganic components of saliva:

Answer 32

ANIONS PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4, Cl-, F-, I- , HCO3- | CATIONS: Mg++, Ca++, K+, Na+

Question 33

Give the a) resting and b) acid stimulated gland rate of secretion for: 1) Submandibular 2) Sublingual 3) Parotid

Answer 33

1) a) 0.26 b)0..48 2) a) 0.012 b)0.02 3) a) 0.11 b)0.29

Question 34

What is the function of inorganic substances in saliva (i.e. water , electrolyte solution (Na+, K+, Cl-))

Answer 34

moistens food

Question 35

What is the function of organic substances in saliva (i.e. mucus and enzymes?

Answer 35

mucus= lubricant | enzyme- starch and lipid digestion

Question 36

NEED TO ADD HISTOLOHGY PICS

Answer 36

gfds