GI & Urinary Flashcards
Enuresis
involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily wets the bed during the night
Frequency
increased incidence of voiding
Hematuria
blood in the urine
Kegel Exercises
repetitious contraction and relaxation of the pubococcygeal muscle to improve vaginal tone or urinary continence
Micturition
process of emptying the bladder; urinating or voiding
Nocturia
excessive urination during the night
Oliguria
greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time; 24 hour urine output is 100-400 ml
Stress Incontinence
state in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50ml that occurs with increased abdominal pressure
Urgency
strong desire to void
Urinary Retention
inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of urine in the bladder
Anuria ****
no urine voided; urine output in 24 hours less than 100ml
Dysuria*****
difficulty in voiding; may or may not be associated with pain
Glycosuria*****
presence of sugar in the urine
Constipation
passage of dry, hard, decal matter
Diarrhea
passage of liquid and unformed stool
Fecal Impaction
collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed
Feces
intestinal waste products
Flatulence
excessive formation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract
Flatus
intestinal gases
Incontinence (bowel or bladder)
inability to voluntarily control the discharge of urine or feces
Occult Blood****
blood present in such minute amount that it can NOT be seen with the eyes unassisted
Peristalsis
involuntary; progressive wave-like movement of the muscles of the GI Tract
Valsalva Maneuver***
forcible exhalation against a closed glottis; straining while going to the bathroom
Orthostatic Albuminuria
a condition when proteins occur in patients when standing but protein free when laying down
Pneumaturia
the passage of gas or air in the urine; bubbles in urine
Polyuria
excessive output of urine
Proteinuria
albumin in the urine; indication of kidney disease
Pyuria*****
pus in the urine; urine may appear to be cloudy
Paralytic Ileus****
paralysis of intestinal peristalsis.
Suppression
stoppage or reduction of a discharge or secretion
Peritonitis****
inflammation of the peritoneum (the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs)
Epigastric pain
pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen below the ribs
Cryptorchidism
the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum
Priaprism
when the erected penis does not return to its relaxed state despite the absence of stimulation
Sphincter
circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
Menorrhagia
menstrual periods with abnormal heavy or prolonged periods
Metrorrhagia
bleeding that occurs between expected menstrual periods
Menometrorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding; both at the usual time of period and at other irregular intervals
Metrorrhea
free or abdominal uterine discharge
Menarche
the 1st menstrual cycle that occurs in a female
Menopause
occurring 12 months after the last menstrual period and marks the end of menstrual cycles.
What is the SEQUENCE of the abdominal Assessment?
I Am A Perky Pal
Inspection, Auscultation, a, Percussion, Palpation
What will you need for the abdominal Assessment?
- warm stethoscope - small pillow
- Adequate lighting -tape measure
- warm hands/short nails
What are the 6 things to look for in Abdominal Assessment?
Color, Contour, Symmetry, Umbilicus, Pulsations, and Peristalsis
What are the 7 F’s of abdominal distention?
Fat, Flatus(air/gas), Fetus(pregnant), Feces, Fluid(ascites), Fibroid(tumor), Fatal Growth(malignancy)
What does a normal bowel sound like?
high pitched, gurgling, cascading occurring every 5 to 20 seconds
What are some ABNORMAL bowel sounds?
Increased bowel- diarrhea/early bowel obstruction
Decreased bowel- abdominal surgery/late bowel obstruction.
Absent bowel sounds-peritonitis or paralytic ileus
What is the purpose of Palpations for abdominal assessment?
your observing for tenderness; go down 1/2 inch and feel for lumps, bumps, and tenderness. Palpate in clockwise fashion using pads of the fingers
