G.I Tract- Small Intestine

Question 0

How long is the small intestine

Answer 0

5 meters

Question 1

What takes place in the small intestine

Answer 1

• digestion process and nutrients are absorbed here

Question 2

Three parts of small intestine

Answer 2

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 3

What are leiomysomas and where are they usually found

Answer 3

They are benign tutors of smooth mucles that are usually found in the stomach and the small intestine
They can become larger

Question 4

What percent of people have leiomysomas

Answer 4

50% of people over the age of 50

Question 5

How do you know that you are looking at the mucosa of the small intestine

Answer 5

They have semilunar folds called, plicae circularis

Question 6

What do plicae circularis consist of and where are they most developed

Answer 6

Consist of mucosa and submucosa

Most developed in the jejunum

Question 7

What are the mucosal outgrowths that cover the mucosa of the small intestine

Answer 7

Villi

Question 8

What are the leaf like or finger like projections that cover simple columnar epithelium of the mucosa of the small intestine

Answer 8

Villi

Question 9

What is located in the core of the villi

Answer 9

• fibroblast
• smooth muscle fibers
• lymphocytes
• plasma cells
• capillaries
• lacteals

Question 10

What are the central lymphocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine

Answer 10

Lacteals

Question 11

What is celiac disease and what happens

Answer 11

This is a disorder of the small intestine mucosa that results in malabsorption and can destroy the vili.
Cause:
Immune reaction against gluten or other proteins in wheat and grain , this leads to reduced nutrition absorption

Question 12

Between vili are openings of some short tubular glands what are they called

Answer 12

Crypts of liberkuhn

Question 13

What cells are at the bottom of the crypts of liberkuhn

Answer 13

Paneth cells

Question 14

What cell absorbs nutrients and lines the epithelium of the large intestine

Answer 14

Enterocytes

Question 15

What is on the apical end of the enterocyte

Answer 15

Brush borders

Question 16

What covers the microvilli on the enterocytes in the large intestine

Answer 16

Glycocalyx

Question 17

On jäger age how many microvilli are on an enterocyte

Answer 17

3000

Question 18

What are lipids restricted into in the smooth ER of enterocytes

Answer 18

Triglycerides

Question 19

What do goblet cells secret and what is its purpose

Answer 19

Secrete mucins and it is responsible for lining the intestine

Question 20

What have large eosinophilic secretory granules and break down bacteria in the cell wall. These cells also regulate the micro environment of intestinal crypts

Answer 20

Paneth cell

Question 21

What are m cells

Answer 21

Specialized epithelial cells that cover the lymphoid follicles of peters patches
They transport antigens to the underlying lymphocytes and dendritic cells, which then go to appropriate immune response

Question 22

In the proximal part of the duodenum the submucosa and mucosa have what

Answer 22

Large clusters of branched tubular mucous glands called Brunner Glands

Question 23

What plexus is in the submucosa of the small intestine

Answer 23

Meissner nerve plexus

Question 24

What kind of mucous does Brunner glands make

Answer 24

Alkaline, so that they can neutralize the chyme that enters the duodenum from the pylorus

Question 25

In the ileum the lamina propria and submucosa contain what

Answer 25

MALT that have large lymphoid nodules called Peyers Patches

Question 26

Peyers patches are only found where

Answer 26

In the ileum ( lymphoid aggregates)

Question 27

M cells cover what

Answer 27

Peter patches

Question 28

Between the muscular is external muscles in the small

intestine is what

Answer 28

Auerbach plexus

Question 29

What do the Auerbach plexus do

Answer 29

Produce peristalsis

Question 30

What makes up the enteric nervous system

Answer 30

Myenteric- Auerbach

Submucosal- meissner

Question 31

What is Crohn’s disease

Answer 31

This is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the colon or ileum can be due to poor genetics and immune environment. There is pain, localized bleeding, malabsorption, and diarrhea