G.I Tract- Small Intestine Flashcards
How long is the small intestine
5 meters
What takes place in the small intestine
- digestion process and nutrients are absorbed here
Three parts of small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
What are leiomysomas and where are they usually found
They are benign tutors of smooth mucles that are usually found in the stomach and the small intestine
They can become larger
What percent of people have leiomysomas
50% of people over the age of 50
How do you know that you are looking at the mucosa of the small intestine
They have semilunar folds called, plicae circularis
What do plicae circularis consist of and where are they most developed
Consist of mucosa and submucosa
Most developed in the jejunum
What are the mucosal outgrowths that cover the mucosa of the small intestine
Villi
What are the leaf like or finger like projections that cover simple columnar epithelium of the mucosa of the small intestine
Villi
What is located in the core of the villi
- fibroblast
- smooth muscle fibers
- lymphocytes
- plasma cells
- capillaries
- lacteals
What are the central lymphocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine
Lacteals
What is celiac disease and what happens
This is a disorder of the small intestine mucosa that results in malabsorption and can destroy the vili.
Cause:
Immune reaction against gluten or other proteins in wheat and grain , this leads to reduced nutrition absorption
Between vili are openings of some short tubular glands what are they called
Crypts of liberkuhn
What cells are at the bottom of the crypts of liberkuhn
Paneth cells
What cell absorbs nutrients and lines the epithelium of the large intestine
Enterocytes
What is on the apical end of the enterocyte
Brush borders
What covers the microvilli on the enterocytes in the large intestine
Glycocalyx
On jäger age how many microvilli are on an enterocyte
3000
What are lipids restricted into in the smooth ER of enterocytes
Triglycerides
What do goblet cells secret and what is its purpose
Secrete mucins and it is responsible for lining the intestine
What have large eosinophilic secretory granules and break down bacteria in the cell wall. These cells also regulate the micro environment of intestinal crypts
Paneth cell
What are m cells
Specialized epithelial cells that cover the lymphoid follicles of peters patches
They transport antigens to the underlying lymphocytes and dendritic cells, which then go to appropriate immune response
In the proximal part of the duodenum the submucosa and mucosa have what
Large clusters of branched tubular mucous glands called Brunner Glands
What plexus is in the submucosa of the small intestine
Meissner nerve plexus
What kind of mucous does Brunner glands make
Alkaline, so that they can neutralize the chyme that enters the duodenum from the pylorus
In the ileum the lamina propria and submucosa contain what
MALT that have large lymphoid nodules called Peyers Patches
Peyers patches are only found where
In the ileum ( lymphoid aggregates)
M cells cover what
Peter patches
Between the muscular is external muscles in the small
intestine is what
Auerbach plexus
What do the Auerbach plexus do
Produce peristalsis
What makes up the enteric nervous system
Myenteric- Auerbach
Submucosal- meissner
What is Crohn’s disease
This is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the colon or ileum can be due to poor genetics and immune environment. There is pain, localized bleeding, malabsorption, and diarrhea
