GI SYSTEM Flashcards
Oral cavity inflammatory pathology
list 3 types
1- dental caries
2-Dental disease
consisting of periodontitis and Pyorrhea
3 - stomatitis consisting of
- viral, example herpes
- fungal, example thrush
- Aphthous, example canker source
Oral cavity
Developmental pathology
cleft lip or cleft palette
can be repaired surgically
Dental caries part of the inflammatory pathology
Dental caries can progress to periodontal disease causing Periodontitus and pyorrhea
Living microorganisms that exist naturally mouth can get into fissures and cause disease
What micro organism causes tooth decay?
Streptococcus mutans
Stomatitis
List 3 types of stomatitis
Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth and unusual- would need immunocompromise
VIRAL- herpes
FUNGAL- thrush; Candida albicans
APHTHOUS- unknown etiology- canker sores. (A localized stomatitis, malfunction of the immune system)
Most common oral cancer
Squamous cell cancinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the mouth
Where can oral cancers occur?
Where is most common?
Anywhere in the mouth
Most common on sides of tongue, where drinking and smoking/chewing would deposit
What are the risk factors of oral cancer?
List 2
Risk factors are additive-
Smoking (particularly pipe and chewing tobacco)
Chronic alcoholism
Different oral cancer appearances
List 5
Leukoplakia - white, slightly elevated plaque
Erythroplakia- red plaque
Ulcer- shallow defect
Crater- deeper defect with raised margins
Nodule- area of induration
Erythroplakia and leukoplakia advance to an ulcer state
Oral cancers are extremely locally aggressive, but not often deadly
Salivary gland diseases -inflammatory
Name for them
Describe 4 types
SIALADENITUS
1-acute-SIALORRHEA - bacterial
2-viral -MUMPS - epidemic parotitis
3-chronic-from obstruction- SIALOLITHIASIS
4-causes xerostomia-DRY MOUTH -can be from salivary glands- leads to dry mouth
Neoplasms
40-60 yrs old peak
Name commonly affected gland
Name common tumor and describe
PAROTID GLAND (largest gland) PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA Benign Slow growing Can reoccur can be excised
Esophageal diseases
Name 2 congenital
Atresia- anatomic organ has formed and then disappeared -usually seen with tubular organs–A developmental abnormality that caused a segment of the esophagus to not form.
Esophagotracheal fistula-a tract between 2 existing channels
esophageal diseases
Reflux
Name what causes reflux
Hiatal hernia, displacement of Cardia region of stomach into the thoracic cavity
Reflux allows the acid from the stomach to come up into the esophagus due to the hiatal hernia
Esophageal diseases
Motility disorders
Name the disorder and describe
Achalasia-lack of relaxation of the esophagus
Causes dysphagia-difficulty in swallowing
Esophageal diseases
Inflammatory
Describe types and causes
Esophagitis is the same as ______________
What are long term effects of inflammatory esophagitis?
Infectious -viral from Herpes
Fungal from Candida albicans THRUSH
Reflux from hiatal hernia
Irritants
Esophagitis this is the same as STOMATITIS
Long term effects it produces intestinal metaplasia a.k.a. Barrett’s esophagus
Define metaplasia
Changing one type of tissue to another type of tissue; not becoming malignant but cells changing to protect itself example simple Squamous cell lining changing to columnar cell that has goblet cells that can produce mucus; this change in the esophagus is known as Barrett’s esophagus.
Stomach diseases
Congenital diseases
Name one disease and explain
Pyloric stenosis
A major disorder : if severe enough produces projectile vomiting requires surgery
Stomach diseases
inflammatory conditions. Name two categories
Gastritis acute or chronic
Acute gastritis types
Acute gastritis results in erosions or ulcers and is caused by circulatory disturbances or irritants. Patients with severe burns or patients with Brain tumors. Curlings ulcers - patients with severe burns;
Cushing’s ulcers - patients with brain tumors.
Chronic gastritis equals long term gastritis
explain
Scarring in stomach; atrophic gastritis is more scar tissue then
stomach tissue; common cause is pylori infection
Long-term chronic gastritis can cause ulcers such as peptic ulcer’s.
Describe peptic ulcer’s
Peptic ulcer is caused by exposure to hydrochloric acid. Common in stomach or do I have none. Ulcers these extend through upper layer into the muscle. Can result in hemorrhage, penetration to the pancreas, perforations, scarring which is also called cocatrization.
Name three neoplasms of the G.I.
-Polyps which are any kind of tumor that grows on a STALK.
-Adenomas glands in the stomach or adeno carcinoma, most common.
-Lymphoma- lymph tissue (MALT) gives rise to lymphomas. Fairly common.
GIST is a G.I. stromal tumor. Some tumors or benign some or malignant.
Diseases of the small and large intestine.
Congenital
List three diseases
Atresia. Similar to in the esophagus. Parts of the tube not connecting.
Hirschsprung’s disease: lack of ganglion cells muscle cannot contract needs surgery.
Meckel’s diverticulum: A duct that connects the area of the ileum persists, looks like an appendix normal tissue in an abnormal location.
Diverticulosis describe
Abnormal outpouching of the diverticula of the small intestine diverticulosis leads to diverticulitis can break down the wall of the large bowel perforation can happen Peritonitis can occur which makes you extremely ill. (Feces in peritoneal cavity)
