GI System Flashcards
Define IBD
Crohn’s disease - effects any part of GI tract
Ulcerative colitis - limited to colon
What is the indication of Aminosalicylates
Treatment of acute attack or maintenance of remission in UC or Crohns
What is the mechanism of aminosalicylates
Prevent leukocyte recruitment into the bowel wall
What are the main side effects of aminosalicylates
Blood disorders - report unexplained bleeding, bruising, purpura, sore throat, fever or malaise
Perform blood count and stop immediately if suspected
Give two examples of aminosalicylates
sulfasalazine, mesalazine
What population is IBD most prevalent?
20-30y/o women
What are common symptoms of IBS
Abdo pain, discomfort, passage of mucus, bloating
What non-pharm options are there for IBD?
High fibre diet
Exercise
Give examples of 2 antispasmodics
Mebeverine , peppermint oil
Give examples of two antimuscarinics used in IBS
Hyoscine, dicycloverine
When should antispasmodics be avoided
Paralytic ileus
Which antimuscarinic used in IBS is poorly absorbed in the GI tract
Hyoscine
What patients should Metoclopramide be avoided in
Under 20 yers old or elderly, Parkinson’s patients
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What commonly precedes C.diff infection
Antibiotic therapy with ampicillin, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, second and third gen cephalosporins, clindamycin and quinolones
What are the treatment options in c.diff infections?
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
What is the preferred treatment for pregnant women with IBD?
Prednisolone or hydrocortisone
Give an example of a bulk forming laxative
Ispahula husk
Give two examples of osmotic laxitives
Lactulose
Macrogol
Give three examples of stimulant laxatives
Senna
Bisacodyl
Glycerol
What is the main aim of treating diarrhoea
Reverse fluid and electrolyte depletion
What are the high risk populations in terms of diarrhoea
Infants, frail and elderly
What are treatment options for diarrhoea
Oral rehydration
Antimotility (loperamide)
When are antimotility drugs used
In uncomplicated diarrhoea in those over 3 years old
What can be used for prophylaxis of travelers diarrhoea
Ciprofloxacin, although not routinely recommended
What is dyspepsia
Upper abdo pain, bloating and nausea
What are the alarm symptoms of dyspepsia
Bleeding, dysphagia, recurrent vomiting, weight loss
What patients with dyspepsia should be referred
Over 55 with new-onset
What are the treatment options for dyspepsia
Antacids, PPIs, H2 receptor agonists
What are problems concerning two antacids that should be considered
Magnesium induce diarrhoea
Aluminium induce constipation
Long term use of calcium can cause hypercalcaemia and alkalosis
