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Abdominopelvic Sono > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

The GI system is also known as the what?

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

What is the origin of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth

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3
Q

what is located behind the nose, mouth, and larynx

A

pharynx

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4
Q

The esophagus begins at the level of what C-spine

A

6th

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5
Q

What is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera or internal organs and lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvis?

A

peritoneum

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6
Q

Which peritoneum lines the walls

A

parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

which peritoneum covers the organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

In females the peritoneal cavity is open and divided into what

A

greater and lesser sacs

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9
Q

The lesser sac communicates with the the greater sac through an oval window opening called the what

A

epiploic foramen or foramen of Winslow

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10
Q

Name the intraperitoneal organs

A

Stomach
appendix
liver
transverse colon
duodenum
small intestines (jejunum, ileum)
pancreas (tail)
rectum (upper third)
spleen
sigmoid colon
SALTD SPRSS

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11
Q

Name the retroperitoneal organs

A

suprarenal glands
aorta/ivc
duodenum (2nd and 4th parts)
pancreas
ureters
colon(asc and desc)
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
SAD PUCKER

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12
Q

What hands down from the greater curvature of the stomach

A

greater omentum

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13
Q

what suspends the lesser curvature of the stomach from the fissure of the ligamentum venosum

A

lesser omentum

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14
Q

The stomach is suspended within what

A

perioneal cavity

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15
Q

What three parts is the small intestine/bowel divided into

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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16
Q

What is the shortest part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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17
Q

What four parts is the duodenum divided into

A

duodenal bulb
descending
transverse
ascending

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18
Q

What begins at the pylorus and ends at the medial side of the neck of the GB, posterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

duodenal bulb

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19
Q

What is retroperitoneal and runs posteriorly

A

descending duodenum

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20
Q

what is held in place by the suspensory ligament (ligament of Treite) , a fibromuscular band that courses toward the left from the right crus of diaphragm

A

ascending duodenum

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21
Q

The transverse duodenum beings to the right of what lumbar vertebra

A

fourth

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22
Q

The large bowel is divided into what six parts

A

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

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23
Q

What is the normal measurement of the pharynx

A

10 cm

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24
Q

what is the normal measurement of the esophagus

A

23 cm

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25
Q

what is the normal measurement of the stomach

A

25-30 cm (10 cm diam, 2-4 L capacity)

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26
Q

what is the normal measurement of the small intestine

A

Total: 6 m (4cm diam)
Duodenum: 2.5 cm
Jejunum: 2.3 m
Ileum: 3.5 m

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27
Q

What is the normal measurement of the large intestine

A

2 m

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28
Q

What is the nomrla measurement of the duodenum and its 4 parts

A

Total: 25 cm
Bulb: 3-5 cm
Desc.: 10 cm
Trans: 2.5-5 cm
Asc.: 2.5-5cm

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29
Q

What is the normal measurement of the pyloric canal

A

2-3 cm (4 cm diameter)

30
Q

What is the most muscular structure of the GI tract

A

esophagus

31
Q

The outer layer of the esophagus is composed of ____ and the inner layer is composed of ____

A

longitudinal fibers; circular axis

32
Q

The stomach is divided into what three parts

A

fundus, body, pylorus

33
Q

The pylorus is divided into what three parts

A

antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter

34
Q

The ligamentous structures of the mesentery that support the stomach include the three parts of the greater omentum which are:

A

gastrophrenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament

35
Q

the muscularis propria is a two-layer muscular structure composing the what

A

small bowel

36
Q

what is the most proximal portion of the small bowel

A

duodenum

37
Q

what are large folds of the mucous membrane that project into the lumen of the bowel and serve to retard the passage of food and provide a greater absorbing area

A

valvulae conniventes (valves of Kerckring)

38
Q

why does the colon have a segmented appearance

A

haustra

39
Q

what are small pouches caused by sacculation that serve to move contents through the colon

A

haustra

40
Q

what supplies the small and large intestines

A

celiac, superior, and Inferior mesenteric arteries

41
Q

what supplies the large intestine from the left border of the transverse colon to the rectum

A

IMA

42
Q

The primary functions of the GI tract are what

A

digestion and absorption

43
Q

What is the largest endocrine organ of the body

A

GI tract

44
Q

What endocrine hormone is released from the stomach and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid

A

gastrin

45
Q

what is released by the presence of fat in the intestine and serves to regulate GB contraction and gastric emptying

A

cholecystokinin

46
Q

what is released from the small bowel, “nature’s antacid”

A

secretin

47
Q

what are the two major functions of the esophagus

A

transport food from mouth to the stomach
prevention of reflux of the GI contents

48
Q

Where does absorption of all major food products take place

A

small bowel

49
Q

The following are broken down into what (respectively)
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

A

monosaccarides and disaccharides
peptides and amino acids
monoglycerides and fatty acids

50
Q

Visualization of the bowel can be impeded by what

A

air

51
Q

When do peritoneal coverings and folds of the intestine tend to stick together

A

during infectious processes

52
Q

what are characteristic appearances of sonography where up to five layers can be visualized

A

gut signature

53
Q

layers of fibrous muscle bands that help move intestinal contents forward

A

peristalsis

54
Q

wall thickness up to what measurement is generally regarded as the upper limit of normal

A

7mm

55
Q

The esophagus has what kind of sono appearance

A

bulls-eye

56
Q

Enlargement of the left lobe of the liver will displace the stomach how

A

posterior

57
Q

splenic enlargement tends to displace the stomach how

A

medially

58
Q

a fluid-filled stomach appears anechoic with bright walls and therefore may simulate a what

A

cystic mass

59
Q

gas in the duodenum may mimic what in the pancreas or what of the gallbladder

A

mass lesions or pseudomasses in the pancreas or a stone-filled gallbladder

60
Q

what part of the duodenum is the only bowel segment to extend posterior to the SMA and the SMV

A

third part

61
Q

What puch is formed by the peritoneum covering the anterior surface of the rectum and extending to the uterine surface

A

rectouterine pouch or the pouch of douglas or the posterior cul-de-sac

62
Q

What occurs with infiltration, inflammation, edma, or tumor growth

A

thickening of the bowel wall

63
Q

the most common cancer of the colon is what

A

primary adenocarcinoma

64
Q

what is caused by inflammation, associated with “pseudokidney sign”, or “doughnut sign”

A

ulceration of bowel

65
Q

what is a bowel abnormality that occurs when a proximal bowel segment invaginates into the lumen of a distal bowel segment called (___)

A

intussusception, intussuscipiens

66
Q

what may indent or displace the bowel

A

serosal inflammation

67
Q

what occurs when bowel is obstruted and when ileus occurs

A

dilated bowel

68
Q

what prevents gas from passing through the GI tract and builds up prox to the obstructed loop

A

obstructed bowel

69
Q

what is a narrowing of the passage in the bowel

A

stenosis

70
Q

what is frequently associated with malposition of the SMA and SMV and the detection of varices

A

malrotation of the bowel

71
Q

what includes the evaluation of varices generally located in the EG junction

A

esophageal and gastric lesions

72
Q

what is the remains of the prenatal yolk stalk projecting form the side of the ileum

A

Meckel diverticulum

Abdominopelvic Sono (1 decks)

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