GI system Flashcards
Which medications are known to cause constipation?
- Antacids ( aluminium & calcium salts)
- Anticholinergics ( oxybutynin, hyoscine, tolterodine)
- Antidepressant
- Antipsychotics
- CCBs
- Dopaminergic (bromocriptine, cabergoline, levodopa and pramipexole)
- Iron
- Opioids
what is the licensed age for ispaghula husk and Sterculia?
Over 6 years
What is the licensed age for senna, bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate?
12 years
What is the licensed age for Glycerol?
- infant upwards
What is the licensed age for Lactulose, Macrogols and Docusate?
Lactulose (infant upwards)
Macrogol (over 12 years)
Docusate (over 6 months)
What are the referral points for constipation?
- Pain on defecation
- Patients aged over 40 with a marked change in bowel habits
- Greater than 2 weeks duration
- Prescribed medication suspected of causing symptoms
What are the drugs that are associated with diarrhoea as a side effect?
- Antibiotics
- Metformin
- Antacids
- Antidepressants
- Antivirals
- Cytotoxics
- NSAIDs
- PPIs
For diarrhoea, what is the licensed age for Loperamide, Bismuth and Morphine salts?
- Loperamide (over 12 years)
- Bismuth (over 16 years)
- Morphine salts (over 12 years)
What are the referral criteria for diarrhoea?
- Severe vomiting and fever
- Recent travel abroad
- Change in bowel habit in patients > 40 years
- Presence of blood or mucus in the stools
- Experiencing symptoms for too long
- Suspected drug induced diarrhoea
What is the licensing age for antacids and alginates?
over 12 years
what is the licensing age for PPIs Omeprazole and Esomeprazole?
Over 18 years
What are the referral criteria for Dyspepsia?
- ALARM - Anaemia, loss of weight, anorexia, recent progressive symptoms, melaena/dysphagia/haematemesis
- Aged 55 or older
- Pain that is severe, debilitating or awakens patient at night
- Persistent vomiting
- Radiating pain
- Failed treatment
What is the referral criteria for Haemorrhoids?
- Persistent change in bowel habit in patient > 40
- Blood mixed in the stool
- Fever
- Manually having to reduce their haemorrhoids
- Severe pain associated with defecation
What is the licensed age of Hydrocortisone?
10 Years & over
What is the licensed age for Clobetasone?
12 year & over
Looking at the image, what fungal infection is that, and how do they typically present?
Oral thrush
- Creamy white, soft, elevated patches that can be wiped off
- Burning or irritation
- Tongue, palate, lips and cheek
