GI system 1

Question 1

function of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

protect and contain the abdominal viscera

Question 2

what is an abdominal hernia?

Answer 2

a protrusion of a pouch of peritoneum through a defect in the abdominal wall

Question 3

another function of the abdominal wall

Answer 3

movement - flexion of the trunk. 3 muscle layers and extra layer anteriorally

Question 4

where is there costal cartilage?

Answer 4

bottom of the ribcage

Question 5

where is the iliac crest

Answer 5

highest part of the abdomen

Question 6

where is the anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 6

on the very side of the abdomen

Question 7

this passes through the abdominal wall in the man

Answer 7

spermatic cord

Question 8

where is the fleshy part of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 8

lateral

Question 9

as you move towards the midline, the fleshy fibres are replaced by what?

Answer 9

aponeurosis

Question 10

what does the lateral part of the external obliques inferiorly attach to?

Answer 10

iliac crest and ASIS

Question 11

what’s the internal oblique

Answer 11

“back pocket” muscle

Question 12

what’s the external oblique

Answer 12

“front pocket” muscle

Question 13

what’s the inguinal ligament?

Answer 13

the free inferior border of the EO, extending from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

Question 14

this muscle underlaps the costal margin a little bit and is continuous with the diaphragm

Answer 14

transversus abominus

Question 15

this is a vertical line where the aponeurosis of the external oblique meets the internal oblique

Answer 15

linea alba

Question 16

this muscle is the 6-pack

Answer 16

rectus abdominis

Question 17

layers of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 17

skin -> superficial fascia -> external oblique -> internal oblique -> transversus abdominus -> fascia transversalis -> extraperitoneal fat (fascia) -> peritoneum

Question 18

what is the gubernaculum?

Answer 18

cord that pulls the testes down

Question 19

the testes move through this to reach the scrotum

Answer 19

inguinal canal

Question 20

the scrotum is formed by what?

Answer 20

processus vaginalis

Question 21

the floor boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 21

inguinal ligament

Question 22

the roof boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 22

arching fibres of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Question 23

the anterior wall boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 23

external oblique aponeurosis (and internal oblique muscle laterally)

Question 24

the posterior wall boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 24

transversalis fascia

Question 25

what is an abdominal hernia?

Answer 25

an abdominal hernia is a protrusion of a pouch of peritoneum through a defect in the abdominal wall

Question 26

what is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 26

an abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents into the inguinal canal

Question 27

the three types of inguinal hernias?

Answer 27

congenital, indirect, direct

Question 28

what happens in an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 28

hernial sac passes through deep ring then along inguinal canal to superficial ring. may push through into the scrotum

Question 29

what happens in an direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 29

hernial sac pushes directly through the anterior abdominal wall

Question 30

what happens in obstruction/strangulation hernia?

Answer 30

hernial sac protrudes through tight bounary. lumen of viscus may be occluded. venous flow may be disrupted. arterial flow may be compromised -> ischaemic necrosis