GI SHARIAR EXCEL WEEL DONE-2 Flashcards
What are common symptoms of GERD in adults?
Nighttime heartburn, bloating followed by GERD.
What are common symptoms of GERD in children?
Milk flows freely from the mouth.
What are the initial tests for diagnosing GERD?
Barium swallow, 24-hour pH monitoring.
What is a red flag that requires direct endoscopy in GERD?
Anemia to rule out malignancy.
What condition is GERD associated with?
Asthma.
What is Barrett’s esophagus?
Columnar epithelium replaces squamous epithelium.
What are the lifestyle management strategies for GERD?
Weight loss.
What is the medical management for GERD?
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs).
How is asthma related to GERD managed?
Double dose of PPIs.
How is hiatus hernia managed if it doesn’t respond to PPI?
Surgery.
What are the characteristics of achalasia?
No heartburn (late sign), tight lower esophageal sphincter (LES), mostly congenital, dysphagia to liquids first, then solids.
What is the initial test for diagnosing achalasia?
Barium swallow (bird’s beak appearance).
What is the confirmatory test for diagnosing achalasia?
Manometry.
What are the conservative treatments for achalasia?
Nitrates and dilation (balloon or pneumatic).
What is the best treatment for achalasia if conservative treatment fails?
Cardio -Myotomy.
What are the types of peptic ulcers?
Duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer.
What are the pain characteristics of duodenal ulcers?
Pain with hunger, relieved by eating.
What are the pain characteristics of gastric ulcers?
Pain with eating.
What is the investigation of choice for peptic ulcer disease?
Endoscopy.
What are common causes of peptic ulcer disease?
NSAIDs, steroids, H. pylori.
What test is used for diagnosing H. pylori?
Urea breath test.
What is the initial treatment for peptic ulcer disease?
Triple therapy.
What should be considered if triple therapy for peptic ulcer disease is not working?
Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin; consider alternatives like tetracycline and amoxicillin.
How is a bleeding peptic ulcer managed?
Injection of adrenaline, IV omeprazole (80mg).