GI/RNU/Endo

Question 1

What is the surface landmark of the gallbladder?

Answer 1

Costal margin of the rectus abdominis

Question 2

Which GLUT receptor is insulin sensitive?

Answer 2

GLUT 4

Question 3

What embryological structure does the adrenal gland originate from?

Answer 3

Neural crest cells

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of Orlistat?

Answer 4

Inhibits pancreatic lipase

Question 5

What is the rate limiting step in cortisol synthesis?

Answer 5

Cholesterol - pregnolone

Question 6

What test do you do in excess Cortisol (cushings) ?

Answer 6

Dexamethasone supression test

Question 7

What artery supplies the pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 7

internal iliac artery

Question 8

What feature would you see in diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 8

proteinuria/abuminuria

Question 9

What drug for T2 DM increases insulin secretion?

Answer 9

Sulphonylureas

Question 10

In the GI Tract, which ion is glucose co-transported with?

Answer 10

Sodium

Question 11

How does Carbimazole work

Answer 11

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase

Question 12

How does the hypothalamus and pituitary connect via the hypophyseal system?

Answer 12

Hypophyseal portal vein.

Question 13

Which type of hormone released from the pituitary acts on melanocytes to cause hyperpigmentation?

Answer 13

corticotrophins

Question 14

What condition is closely associated with coeliac disease?

Answer 14

Dermatitis herpeteformis

Question 15

What do chief cells produce?

Answer 15

Pepsinogen

Question 16

Which drug acts on the final stage of acid secretion in parietal cells of the stomach?

Answer 16

PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)

Question 17

In portal hypertension there is backflow of blood. Which branch off the celiac trunk goes to supply the oesophagus?

Answer 17

left gastric artery

Question 18

What type of structure are the plicae cirularis ?

Answer 18

permanent, and are not obliterated when the intestine is distended.

Question 19

What maintains the corpus luteum if pregnancy does occur?

Answer 19

hCG

Question 20

What embryological structure divides into 2, to form the bladder?

Answer 20

Cloaca

Question 21

What structure surrounding the testes is an extension of the peritoneum?

Answer 21

tunica vaginalis

Question 22

What is the order in which sperm travels after the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 22

straight tubules, rete testis, efferent ductule, epidydimis

Question 23

From which cell does moeisis I occur from in spermatogenesis?

Answer 23

Primary spermatocyte

Question 24

What is the channel in the thick ascending limb?

Answer 24

NK2CL

Question 25

There is thoracic spinal injury, which part of the bladder doesn’t work?

Answer 25

Internal urethral sphincter doesn’t contract

Question 26

Which substances are most likely to produce the greatest increase in insulin secretion?

Answer 26

amino acids + glucose

Question 27

what are the expected changes during the post-prandial period?

Answer 27

• raised adipocyte alpha-glycerol phosphate
• raised plasma insulin
• decreased glycogen phosphorylase

Question 28

Define basal metabolic rate

Answer 28

rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest

represents the minimum amount of energy needed to keep your body functioning