GI Revision Questions Flashcards
What is the most likely location of a peptic ulcer?
Most peptic ulcers occur in the first part of the duodenum.
This is in the gastric region. You can find this by palpating for the thick walls of the pyloric sphincter - just distal to this is the first part of the duodenum where the ulcers are normally found.
The aponeurosis of which muscle forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
External oblique. This has fibres that run ‘hands in pockets’ direction.
What type of hernia might be precipitated by a weakened conjoint tendon?
Conjoint tendon is the ‘joined’ fibres of internal oblique (aponeurosis) and transverse Abdominal.
It reinforces hesselbach’s triangle.
Inguinal hernias are precipitated by a wakened conjoint tendon
Which branch of the coeliac trunk supplies blood to the lesser curve of the stomach?
Left gastric
What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?
Splenic
Left gastric
Common hepatic
What veins, if narrowed, could produce a rise in blood pressure throughout the portal venous system?
In order to raise the pressure in the portal venous system, you would have to narrow the portal vein itself or something distal to it.
E.g:
Veins in the liver (cirrhosis)
Hepatic veins
Severe right heart failure
What is a peritoneal pouch / recess?
Peritoneal pouches / recesses are areas where fluid can collect in the peritoneal cavity.
They are formed by the contours of surrounding structures.
What are some notable pouches / recesses in the abdomen?
Pouch of Douglas - rectouterine pouch (between rectum and uterus)
Vesico-uterine (between bladder and uterus)
Hepato-renal recess (inferior surface of liver and right kidney)
Parabolic gutters (ascending and descending colon and lateral abdominal wall)
Where is the caudate lobe of the liver?
Caudate lobe sits near the IVC
What are the lobes of the liver?
2 large anatomical lobes - right and left
2 smaller anatomical lobes - caudate (near IVC) and quadrate (next to gall bladder)
Which part of the oesophagus can potentially develop into an adenocarcinoma?
With repeated exposure to acid gastric contents, the lower portion of the oesophagus can undergo metaplastic changes (Barrett’s oesophagus)
This allows an adenocarcinoma to develop where only a squamous cell carcinoma could have arisen.
What is tenesmus and what can cause it?
Tenesmus is the sensation that you have no completely evacuated your rectum.
Can be caused by a tumour as this will distend the rectum but not be able to be passed.
It has also be caused by many other conditions with as IBD and IBS.
Which branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the ascending colon?
The right colic branch of the SMA supplies the ascending colon.
The illeocolic branch supplies the caecum.
The middle colic supplies the transverse colon.
The marginal artery is the sum of the anastomoses of all the branches.
How does the colon appear in ulcerative colitis?
The repeated episodes of inflammation / healing make the haustra of the colon less prominent. This makes the colon appear more featureless.
Which part of the stomach has the highest density of G cells?
The antrum.
These cells release Gastrin which stimulates parietal cells to produce acid. (Parietal cells have their highest density in the body of the stomach).
