GI Physiology

Question 1

Chyme is produced in
    A. Liver
    B. Stomach
    C. Duodenum
    D. Pancreas

Answer 1

B. Stomach

Question 2

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in
    A. Esophagus
    B. Stomach
    C. Small Intestine
    D. Large Intestine

Answer 2

C. Small intestine

Question 3

Site where most of parietal (oxyntic) cells locate in the stomach (select all that apply)
A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Cardia
D. Pylorus

Answer 3

A. Fundus

B. Body

Question 4

Gastrin is secreted from
    A. Neck Cells
    B. Gastric Cells
    C. ECL cells
    D. Chief cells

Answer 4

B. Gastric Cells

Question 5

Primary type of esophageal motility during digesting food is
    A. Tonic contraction
    B. Segmentation
    C. Peristalsis
    D. Migrating Myoelectric complex

Answer 5

C. Peristalsis

Question 6

Use of antacids with and after meal for heartburns is associated with greater than normal secretion of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
	A. Nitric Oxide (NO)
	B. Gastrin
	C. Somatostatin
	D. Secretin

Answer 6

B. Gastrin

Question 7

A patient with Celiac disease has: (select all that apply)
A. Decreased luminal digestion of foods within the small intestine
B. Osmotic diarrhea due to unabsorbed foods entering the colon
C. Decreased absorption of foods by the small intestine
D. Increased release of Nitric oxide (NO)

Answer 7

A. Decreased luminal digestion of foods within the small intestine
B. Osmotic diarrhea due to unabsorbed foods entering the colon
C. Decreased absorption of foods by the small intestine

Question 8

The most important function of ileocecal value is:
A. Slows emptying of chyme from the stomach
B. Allows mixing of the food with gastric secretion
C. Prevents backflow of contents into the small intestine
D. Assists storage of fecal material until defecation reflex occurs

Answer 8

C. Prevents backflow of contents into the small intestine

Question 9

Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, a carrier protein necessary for absorption of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. Vitamin B12
    B. Amino Acids
    C. Vitamin K
    D. Vitamin D

Answer 9

A. Vitamin B12

Question 10

Which of the following might be absorbed in the stomach? (Select 2)
	A. Asprin
	B. Alcohol
	C. Water
	D. Coffee

Answer 10

A. Asprin

B. Alcohol

Question 11

Pancreatic duct cells secrete \_\_\_\_.
    A. Histamine
    B. Intrinsic Factor
    C. HCO3
    D. Pepsinogen
    E. Somatostatin

Answer 11

C. HCO3

Question 12

Glucose is absorbed by the GI tract and delivered into the blood stream by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. Active transport
    B. Simple diffusion
    C. Osmosis
    D. Secondary active transport

Answer 12

D. Secondary active transport

Question 13

Which of the following factors increase gastric acid secretion? (Select all that apply)
	A. Histamine
	B. Norepinephrine
	C. Gastrin
	D. Acetylcholine

Answer 13

A. Histamine
C. Gastrin
D. Acetylcholine

Question 14

Zymogens are produced in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. Small Intestine
    B. Pancreas
    C. Salivary glands
    D. Esophageal
    E. Liver
    F. Gallbladder

Answer 14

B. Pancreas

Question 15

Acidic chyme is neutralized rapidly in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. Esophagus
    B. Stomach
    C. Duodenum
    D. Cecum

Answer 15

C. Duodenum

Question 16

A 27yo male develops severe vomiting for 48 hours.
A. Metabolic acidosis due to loss of bile salts and bicarbonate
B. Metabolic alkalosis due to loss of proton
C. Metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric mucus and intrinsic factors

Answer 16

B. Metabolic alkalosis due to loss of proton

Question 17

A 27yo male develops severe vomiting for 48 hours. His minute ventilation is:
    A. Increased to maintain Oxygenation
    B. Decreased to retain CO2
    C. Decreased to retain Nitrogen
    D. Increased to give up HCO3

Answer 17

B. Decreased to retain CO2

Question 18

In the fed state, segmentation depends on:
A. An intact enteric nervous system
B. An intact parasympathetic nervous system
C. An intact sympathetic nervous system
D. Occurs only in the stomach

Answer 18

A. An intact enteric nervous system

Question 19

If an electrical slow-wave passes through a region of the ileum that is stretched due to the presence of food, then:
A. The resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized
B. An action potential is generated
C. A graded potential is generated
D. The slow wave is inhibited

Answer 19

B. An action potential is generated

Question 20

In individuals with lactose intolerance, the lumen of the colon contains osmotically active material that is ________ leading to an influx of water from the body (diarrhea).
A. Hypertonic to the intestinal cells
B. Hypotonic to the intestinal cells
C. Isotonic to the intestinal cells

Answer 20

A. Hypertonic to the intestinal cells