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Phase 2 - Gen Med > GI Pharmacology > Flashcards

GI Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different classes of anti-emetics?

A

Antihistamines
D2 antagonists
Antimuscarinics
5HT antagonists

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2
Q

MOA of antihistamines in vomiting

A

Block H1 receptors in vomiting centre

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3
Q

Example of antihistamines for vomiting and dose

A

Cyclizine
Promethazine

Cyclizine, 50mg IM/IV/oral every 8 hours

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4
Q

Give some side effects of antihistamines

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic - dry mouth, blurred vision
Hypotension

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5
Q

MOA of antimuscarinics

A

Blocks action of ACh, which stimulates vomiting via the vomiting centre

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6
Q

Indications for antimuscarinics?

A

Motion sickness

- can be given as patch

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7
Q

Side effects of antimuscarinic

A 
Increased body temp
Mydriasis
Dry mouth
Dry eyes 
Decreased sweating 
Flushed face
Delirium
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8
Q

MOA of dopamine receptor antagonists

A

Block action of dopamine at the chemoreceptor trigger zone

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9
Q

What are the different types of dopamine receptor antagonists?

A

Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Metoclopramide
Domperidone

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10
Q

When are dopamine receptor antagonists used for?

A

Sickness due to drugs, cytotoxics and diffuse malignancy

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11
Q

Give the MOA of metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist plus increasing gut motility adn increasing gastro-oesophageal sphincter tone.

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12
Q

Give the dose of metclopramide

A

10 mg, 8 hourly

IV/IM/oral

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13
Q

What is the best antiemetic for visceral causes of nausea?

A

Metclopramide

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14
Q

MOA for 5HT receptor antagonists

A

Block the 5HT receptor in the CTZ and the gut.

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15
Q

Give some examples of 5HT receptor antagonists

A

Ondansetron

Granisetron

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16
Q

Side effects of 5HT antagonists

A

QT interval prolongations
Constipation
Headache
Flushing

17
Q

What would you use in pregnancy associated nausea?

A

Antihistamine

- try and avoid medication unless vomiting is becoming a problem

18
Q

What would you use in drug induced nausea?

A

Opioids = cyclizine or dopamine antagonists

Chemotherapy:
Moderate = metclopramide
Severe = 5HT antagonist

19
Q

What would you use in PONV?

A

Most antiemetics are good

Metclopramide is not as useful for this instance

Phase 2 - Gen Med (8 decks)

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