GI Pathology Flashcards
what are the two subtypes of IBD?
ulcerative colitis
Chron’s disease
what is the epidemiology of IBD?
whites>blacks and Asians
common among Jews of East Euro descent
age distribution at onset may be bimodal (20s and then 40s-50s)
what’s the treatment for IBD when resistant to medical treatment
colectomy
20% of ulcerative colitis
what are the major clinical features of ulcerative colitis?
diarrhea
abdominal pain
rectal bleeding
what is a major distinguishing feature between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?
Crohn’s is usually segmental and includes ileum
may affect upper GI
ulcerative is usually diffuse
Small intestine infections are more likely to have what characteristics of diarrhea than large intestine?
large amount of watery diarrhea
blood rare
Over 90% of cases of what disorder are caused by C. difficile
pseudomembranous colitis
what is a problem in the treatment of C. diff?
growing vancomycin resistance
what’s the treatment for appendicitis?
surgery
or now, antibiotics, and then perhaps later, surgery
what is the most likely causes of sterile acute peritonitis?
acute pancreatitis with spill of enzymes
rupture of gallbladder with entry of bile into peritoneum
what is intussusception?
telescoping of the intestine
children - due to hyperactive peristalsis
adults - leading margin with tumor
what substance are people hypersensitive to in celiac disease?
gliadin (derived from gluten in dietary grains)
where are sessile serrated adenomas most likely seen in the colon?
on the right side
what is one of the most frequently encountered benign neoplasms (polyps)
tubular adenoma
low-high grade dysplasia - can transform into adenocarcinoma
95% of the malignant tumors of the intestine are what?
adenocarcinomas of the colon
What is the distribution of tumors of the colon?
what is carcinoid syndrome?
tumors that metastasize to the liver - >
release serotonin, bradykinin, histamine
facial flushing, bronchial wheezing, intestinal colic, watery diarrhea (adversely affects right-sided heart valves)
what is the primary enzyme secreted by the salivary gland?
amylase
(digests starch)
which parts of the world have higher incidence of carcinoma of the esophagus?
China, Iran, Africa
what is the most important developmental abnormality of the stomach?
pyloric stenosis
boys>girls (4:1)
projectile vomiting
shows up in neonatal period
what is the appearance of a peptic ulcer?
“punched out” ulceration into the gastric mucosa
