GI part 1 Flashcards
what are the 4 functions of the GI system?
Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
common GI referral regions (SSSS MLHP)
Sternal area
Shoulder and neck
Scapular area
Sacrum
Midback
Lower back
Hip
Pelvis
what are the 2 most common GI diseases that mimic MSK complaints?
Ulceration or infection of the mucosal lining
Drug-induced GI disease can manifest up to ____ weeks after exposure
6-8
what are the 3 most common drug-induced GI conditions?
-Antibiotic colitis
-Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia from digitalis toxicity
-NSAID-induced ulcers
what is considered the Epigastric region, and what is its sympathetic nerve distribution?
-Anywhere from mid-sternum → xiphoid process
-T3-T5
what is the nerve distribution of the periumbilical region?
T9-T11
pain in the hypogastrium coming from the colon can be mistaken for what?
bladder or uterine pain
what side of the hypogastrium do the ascending/descending colon refer pain to?
-Ascending colon: R side
-Descending colon: L side
Large intestine/colon innervation
T10-T12
T/F: pts with visceral pain have difficulty finding a comfortable position
true!
are pts with inflammatory pain able to find a comfy position?
yes, they tend to seek a “quiet position” (sitting/lying with knees bent or in a curled up/fetal position) without movement
ischemic pain is secondary to ____ or ____ causing strangulation of bowel tissue
-vascular disease
-obstruction
T/F: ischemic pain can be relieved by analgesics
false! it cannot
Afferent nerves from liver, resp diaphragm, and pericardium are inn by ____ and refer pain to ____
C3-C5; shoulder
Afferent nerves from gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, and SI are inn by ____ and refer pain to ____
T6-T9; midback and scapular area
Afferent nerves from colon, appendix and pelvic viscera are inn by ____
T10-T11
Afferent nerves from sigmoid colon, rectum, ureters, and testes are inn by ____ and ____. They refer pain to what 4 areas?
-T11-L1 (lower splanchnic n.) AND S2-S4 (pelvic splanchnic n.)
-Refer to pelvis, flank, low back, or sacrum
Dysfunction of what 5 organs can cause contraction, guarding, and splinting of rectus abdominis and muscles SUPERIOR to the umbilicus?
stomach, gallbladder, liver, pylorus, or resp diaphragm
Dysfunction of what 6 structures can cause muscle spasm of rectus abdominis INFERIOR to the umbilicus?
ileum, jejunum, appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum
Causes of dysphagia (“Ned said Not All Pepsi Cans are Garbage”)
Neoplasm
Non-GI conditions (ex. Neuro diseases)
Achalasia (esophagus muscles can’t relax)
Peptic esophagitis
Certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and asthma drugs
GERD
what do you suspect if pain begins within 30-90 min after eating?
gastric ulcers
what do you suspect if pain occurs 2-4h after meals or food relieves symptoms?
duodenal or pyloric ulcers
what do you suspect with night pain btw midnight-3:00 am?
duodenal ulcer or cancer-related pain
potential causes of early satiety (GOS POC)
Gastroparesis
Obstruction
Stomach cancer
PUD
Other tumors
Compression fx that results in severe back pain and deformity
what is Kehr’s sign?
L shoulder pain provoked with pressure placed on upper abdomen
what is the Danforth sign?
L shoulder pain with inspiration
atypical symptoms of GERD (COW WAS DAS)
Chest pain unrelated to activity
Odynophagia
Weight loss
Wheezing, coughing, hoarseness
Anemia
Sensation of lump in the throat
Dysphagia
Asthma
Sore throat, laryngitis
