(GI!) Panic Deck Flashcards
Describe the structures of the foregut
esophagus –> first half of duodenum, including accessory organs
Describe structures of midgut
second half of duodenum –> first 2/3 of transverse colon
Describe structures of hindgut
Last 1/3 of transverse colon –> upper anal canal
Describe arterial supply to the fore-, mid-, and hindgut
Fore = Celiac a Mid = Superior mesenteric a Hind = Inferior mesenteric a
Where are the sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies for the fore-, mid-, and hindgut located?
Fore = T5-T9 Mid = T19-T12 Hind = T12 - L2
What are the sympathetic splanchinc nerves for fore-, mid-, hindgut?
Fore = Greater Mid = Lesser Hind = Least
What are the preaortic ganglions for sympathetic innervation to the fore-, mid- and hindgut?
Fore = Celiac Mid = Superior mesenteric Hind = Aortico-renal***
What paths do sympathetic axons to the fore-, mid-, and hind-gut follow?
Fore = Celiac artery Mid = Superior mesenteric a Hind = Infeior mesenteric a
Describe the location of the preganglionic cell bodies, the nerve, and the ganglia location for parasympathetic innervation to the fore, mid, and hindgut
Fore and Midgut share PNS innervation patterns:
Preganglionic cell bodies in the brainstem; CN X; ganglia in organ walls
Hindgut is slightly different:
Preganglionic cell bodies in S2-S4; pelvic splanchnic n.; ganglia in organ walls
What is the cellular change that occurs in Barrett’s esophagus?
Cells change from stratified squamous epi –> simple columnar, producing mucous to try to protect from acid
What are the portal-caval anastamoses that occur in esophageal varices?
L gastric (branch of portal) + azygos (branch of SVC)
What are the portal-caval anastamoses that are present in Caput Medusae?
Paraumbilical vv + throacoepigastric + superior epigastric (branch of portal) and inferior epigastric (branch of IVC)
What is the deficient enzyme in non-classical galactosemia?
Galactokinase
What product accumulates in non-classical galactosemia?
Galactose
What is the deficient enzyme in classical galactosemia?
Galactose-1-phosphatase