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GI Exam 1 > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

RUQ organs

A 
right lobe of liver
gallbladder
pylorus of stomach
parts 1-3 of duodenum
head of pancreas
right suprarenal gland
right kidney
right colic (hepatic) flexure
superior part of ascending colon
right half of transverse colon
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2
Q

LUQ organs

A 
left lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
jejunum and proximal ileum
body and tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
left colic (splenic) flexure
left half of transverse colon
superior part of descending colon
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3
Q

RLQ organs

A 
cecum
appendix
most of ileum
inferior part of ascending colon
right ovary
right uterine tube
abdominal part of right ureter
abdominal part of right spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if very full)
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4
Q

LLQ organs

A 
sigmoid colon
inferior part of descending colon
left ovary
left uterine tube
abdominal part of left ureter
abdominal part of left spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if very full)
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5
Q

Xiphisternal plane

A

Rib 7 projects posteriorly to T9

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6
Q

Transpyloric plane

A

Rib 9 projects posteriorly to L1

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7
Q

Subcostal plane

A

Rib 10 projects posteriorly to L3

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8
Q

Supracristal plane

A

Projects posteriorly to L4

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9
Q

Transtubercular plane

A

Widest part of hips, projects posteriorly to L5

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10
Q

Interspinous plane

A

At ASIS, projects posteriorly to S2

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Passes thru right crus of the diaphragm at T10
Enters cardial orifice of the stomach at T11
Attached to diaphragm via phrenico-esophageal ligament
fits into a groove on the posterior liver

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12
Q

Esophageal constrictions

A

Cervical: upper sphincter and cricopharyngeus muscle
Thoracic: esophagus in contact with aorta and left main bronchus
Diaphragmatic: as it passes thru the esophageal hiatus at T10, implicated in hiatal hernias (sliding and para-esophageal)

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13
Q

Hiatal hernias

A

Abdominal structure enters thorax, usually on the left side

Paraesophageal: normal gastro-esophageal junction, fundus protrudes into thorax, less chances of GERD

Sliding: most common, GEJ displaced superiorly, cardia protrudes, “hourglass” stomach presentation

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14
Q

What lies posteriorly to the stomach?

A

diaphragm, spleen, left upper kidney and suprarenal gland, pancreas, omental bursa (lesser sac) - stomach forms most of its anterior wall

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15
Q

What lies anteriorly to the stomach?

A

diaphragm, left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

What lies inferolaterally to the stomach?

A

transverse colon

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17
Q

Gastrohepatic ligament

A

connects lesser curvature to the liver, contains gastric vessels

18
Q

Gastrocolic ligament

A

connects greater curvature to the transverse colon, contains gastropipolic vessels and part of greater omentum

19
Q

Duodenal ulcer complications

A

hemorrhage from gastroduodenal artery for posterior ulcers in first part of duodemun
ulcer in first part of duodenum can also cause adhesions with gallbladder or liver
anterior ulcer can perforate into peritoneal space
pancrease may be affected

20
Q

Gastric ulcer complications

A

lesser curvature ulcer can cause hemorrhage from left gastric a

21
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

suspensory muscle of duodenum, connects the third and fourth parts of the duodenum

22
Q

Jejunum characteristics

A

long vasa recta, a few large arcade loops, large tall and closely paked circular folds, very few peyers patches

23
Q

Ileum characteristics

A

short vasa recta, many short arcade loops, low and sparce circular folds, many peyers patches

24
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

most common congenital anomaly of GI tract
true diverticulum, persistent vitelline/omphalomesenteric duct, can contain ectopic gastric or pancreatic tissue
rule of 2’s: 2x more likely in males, 2 inches long, 2 ft from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, presents in first 2 years of life if symptomatic, 2 types of epithelia may be present

25
Q

Intussesception

A

telescoping of proximal bowel segment into distal segment
common at ileocecal junction, mostly children
target sign on ultrasound
idiopathic vs. Meckel (kids) vs. tumor (adults)

26
Q

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

A 
Suprarenal gland
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (2nd and 3rd part)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
27
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

runs from iliac fossa to S3
teniae coli terminate at the recto-sigmoid junction
long mesentery: sigmoid mesocolon
most common site of volvulus in the elderly

28
Q

Volvulus

A 
rotation of loop of bowel
can cause constipation, ischemia and necrosis
midgut volvulus more common in infants
sigmoid volvulus more common in elderly
coffee bean sign on XR
29
Q

Liver

A

largest abdominal organ
occupies most of RUQ and can extend as fast as left anterior axillary line
top of liver is at xiphistenal plane
follows subcostal line
will move inferiorly on inspiration, aids is palpation

30
Q

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

falciform ligament, connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall

31
Q

What are teh 2 accessory lobes of the right anatomic lobe?

A

quadrate love, part of left hemi-liver

caudate lobe, is functionally separate

32
Q

Round ligament (teres) of liver

A

Remnant of umbilical vein

33
Q

Hepatoduodenal ligament

A

contains the proper hepatic artery, bile duct and the portal vein
anterior boundary of epiploic foramen

34
Q

What are the functional lobes of the liver?

A

left medial segment, left anterior segment, left lateral segment, right posterior medial, right posterior lateral, right anterior medial, right anterior lateral segment, posterior (caudate) segment

separated into R/L based on primary division of portal triad, EXCEPT caudate lobe which receives vessles from both portal bundles
Cantlie line is imagined from the fundus of gallbladder superiorly to the diaphragm
NOTE: the left medial division is part of right functional lobe

35
Q

Gallbladder

A

blind diverticulum located between 4th and 5th segments of liver
has fundus, neck and body
attached to common bile duct via cystic duct
common bile duct meets with pancreatic duct to empty into ampulla of Vater in the 2nd part of duodenum

36
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

gall stones
50% are asymptomatic
gallstones obstructing the cystic duct can cause cholecystitis (3 F’s: female, forty, fertile, overweight)
Murphy’s sign: palpate RUQ, ask pt to inhale, sudden halt to inspiration d/t pain is a positive sign

37
Q

Choledocolithiasis

A

caused by an obstruction of the common bile duct

38
Q

Gallstone ileus

A

caused by an obstruction of the ileocecal junction

39
Q

Spleen

A

largest lymphatic organ, vulnerable to blunt trauma, LUQ
splenorenal ligament contains the splenic artery
gastrosplenic ligament contains short gastric arteries

40
Q

Relationships to spleen

A

stomach is anterior
diaphragm, ribs 9-11 are posterior
loeft colic flexure is inferior
left kidney is medial

GI Exam 1 (5 decks)

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