GI Organs Flashcards by Elizabeth Mazza

RUQ organs

right lobe of liver
gallbladder
pylorus of stomach
parts 1-3 of duodenum
head of pancreas
right suprarenal gland
right kidney
right colic (hepatic) flexure
superior part of ascending colon
right half of transverse colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LUQ organs

left lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
jejunum and proximal ileum
body and tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
left colic (splenic) flexure
left half of transverse colon
superior part of descending colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RLQ organs

cecum
appendix
most of ileum
inferior part of ascending colon
right ovary
right uterine tube
abdominal part of right ureter
abdominal part of right spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if very full)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LLQ organs

sigmoid colon
inferior part of descending colon
left ovary
left uterine tube
abdominal part of left ureter
abdominal part of left spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if very full)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Xiphisternal plane

Rib 7 projects posteriorly to T9

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transpyloric plane

Rib 9 projects posteriorly to L1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Subcostal plane

Rib 10 projects posteriorly to L3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Supracristal plane

Projects posteriorly to L4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transtubercular plane

Widest part of hips, projects posteriorly to L5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interspinous plane

At ASIS, projects posteriorly to S2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Esophagus

Passes thru right crus of the diaphragm at T10
Enters cardial orifice of the stomach at T11
Attached to diaphragm via phrenico-esophageal ligament
fits into a groove on the posterior liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Esophageal constrictions

Cervical: upper sphincter and cricopharyngeus muscle
Thoracic: esophagus in contact with aorta and left main bronchus
Diaphragmatic: as it passes thru the esophageal hiatus at T10, implicated in hiatal hernias (sliding and para-esophageal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hiatal hernias

Abdominal structure enters thorax, usually on the left side

Paraesophageal: normal gastro-esophageal junction, fundus protrudes into thorax, less chances of GERD

Sliding: most common, GEJ displaced superiorly, cardia protrudes, “hourglass” stomach presentation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What lies posteriorly to the stomach?

diaphragm, spleen, left upper kidney and suprarenal gland, pancreas, omental bursa (lesser sac) - stomach forms most of its anterior wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What lies anteriorly to the stomach?

diaphragm, left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What lies inferolaterally to the stomach?

transverse colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gastrohepatic ligament

connects lesser curvature to the liver, contains gastric vessels

Gastrocolic ligament

connects greater curvature to the transverse colon, contains gastropipolic vessels and part of greater omentum

Duodenal ulcer complications

hemorrhage from gastroduodenal artery for posterior ulcers in first part of duodemun
ulcer in first part of duodenum can also cause adhesions with gallbladder or liver
anterior ulcer can perforate into peritoneal space
pancrease may be affected

Gastric ulcer complications

lesser curvature ulcer can cause hemorrhage from left gastric a

Ligament of Treitz

suspensory muscle of duodenum, connects the third and fourth parts of the duodenum

Jejunum characteristics

long vasa recta, a few large arcade loops, large tall and closely paked circular folds, very few peyers patches

Ileum characteristics

short vasa recta, many short arcade loops, low and sparce circular folds, many peyers patches

Meckel diverticulum

most common congenital anomaly of GI tract
true diverticulum, persistent vitelline/omphalomesenteric duct, can contain ectopic gastric or pancreatic tissue
rule of 2’s: 2x more likely in males, 2 inches long, 2 ft from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, presents in first 2 years of life if symptomatic, 2 types of epithelia may be present

Intussesception

telescoping of proximal bowel segment into distal segment common at ileocecal junction, mostly children target sign on ultrasound idiopathic vs. Meckel (kids) vs. tumor (adults)

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

``` Suprarenal gland Aorta/IVC Duodenum (2nd and 3rd part) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum ```

Sigmoid colon

runs from iliac fossa to S3 teniae coli terminate at the recto-sigmoid junction long mesentery: sigmoid mesocolon most common site of volvulus in the elderly

Volvulus

``` rotation of loop of bowel can cause constipation, ischemia and necrosis midgut volvulus more common in infants sigmoid volvulus more common in elderly coffee bean sign on XR ```

Liver

largest abdominal organ occupies most of RUQ and can extend as fast as left anterior axillary line top of liver is at xiphistenal plane follows subcostal line will move inferiorly on inspiration, aids is palpation

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

falciform ligament, connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall

What are teh 2 accessory lobes of the right anatomic lobe?

quadrate love, part of left hemi-liver | caudate lobe, is functionally separate

Round ligament (teres) of liver

Remnant of umbilical vein

Hepatoduodenal ligament

contains the proper hepatic artery, bile duct and the portal vein anterior boundary of epiploic foramen

What are the functional lobes of the liver?

left medial segment, left anterior segment, left lateral segment, right posterior medial, right posterior lateral, right anterior medial, right anterior lateral segment, posterior (caudate) segment separated into R/L based on primary division of portal triad, EXCEPT caudate lobe which receives vessles from both portal bundles Cantlie line is imagined from the fundus of gallbladder superiorly to the diaphragm NOTE: the left medial division is part of right functional lobe

Gallbladder

blind diverticulum located between 4th and 5th segments of liver has fundus, neck and body attached to common bile duct via cystic duct common bile duct meets with pancreatic duct to empty into ampulla of Vater in the 2nd part of duodenum

Cholelithiasis

gall stones 50% are asymptomatic gallstones obstructing the cystic duct can cause cholecystitis (3 F's: female, forty, fertile, overweight) Murphy's sign: palpate RUQ, ask pt to inhale, sudden halt to inspiration d/t pain is a positive sign

Choledocolithiasis

caused by an obstruction of the common bile duct

Gallstone ileus

caused by an obstruction of the ileocecal junction

Spleen

largest lymphatic organ, vulnerable to blunt trauma, LUQ splenorenal ligament contains the splenic artery gastrosplenic ligament contains short gastric arteries

Relationships to spleen

stomach is anterior diaphragm, ribs 9-11 are posterior loeft colic flexure is inferior left kidney is medial