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Pathophys II > GI module IV > Flashcards

GI module IV Flashcards

1
Q

weight of liver

A

proportionate to body size

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2
Q

right and left lobe is anatomically separated by what structures?

A

Cantlie’s line - IVC to gallbladder

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3
Q

glissons capsule

A

connective tissue surrounding the liver

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4
Q

What passes through the center of the liver lobules?

A

Central vein

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5
Q

Portal triad consists of?

A

terminal branch of hepatic artery
terminal branch of portal vein
Terminal bile duct

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6
Q

Functional unit of the liver

A

Liver lobules

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7
Q

Liver lobules consist of?

A

hepatocytes and microvasculature

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8
Q

What is the shape of the liver lobules

A

Hexagon

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9
Q

Microvasculature of the liver lobules consists of?

A

Sinusoids and bile canaliculi

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10
Q

Describe the biliary pathway

A

bile canaliculi drain into terminal bile ducts
terminal bile ducts drain into R and L hepatic ducts
R and L hepatic ducts merge to form common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder and then becomes the common bile duct

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11
Q

common bile duct merges with pancreatic duct and drains into _______

A

the duodenum via the hepatopancreatic amuplla

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12
Q

T/F - The Liver has the ability to regenerate?

A

True

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13
Q

If 50-60% of the liver is damaged in a health person how long will it take to regenerate?

A

30 days

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14
Q

How much blood passes through the hepatic portal vein?

A

75%

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15
Q

Describe the efferent pathway through the Liver

A

central veins drain into hepatic veins –> hepatic veins eventually drain into IVC

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16
Q

The Liver receives blood and nutrients from the GI tract via the ______?

A

Hepatic portal vein

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17
Q

Hepatic portal vein delivers blood to the _____?

A

Hepatic vein

18
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

dff

19
Q

The liver receives _______ via the hepatic artery?

A

oxygenated blood

20
Q

Sinusoids act as _______ for hepatocytes

A

“capillary bed”

21
Q

Hepatocytes line the the?

A

Sinusoids

22
Q

Blood flows from hepatic portal vein into sinusoids and drain into ______?

A

central vein

23
Q

Structures within the sinusoid/hepatocyte interface

A 
kupffer cells
fenestrated endothelium 
space of Disse
pit cells 
microvilli
24
Q

Where are Kupffer cells located?

A

Located along the surface of endothelium

25
Q

Function of kupffer cells?

A

Early defense against liver injury

  • phagocytic removal immune complexes, cell debris, etc.
  • RBC degradation
26
Q

Stellate cells

A

located in disse space
store vitamin A
role in liver regeneration –> produce/secrete hepatic growth factors

27
Q

Pit cells

A

Located on the surface of endothelium

Fx: front line immune defense against tumor formation, viruses, etc and liver regeneration

28
Q

Pit cells are also known as?

A

granular lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells

29
Q

T/F Liver produces largest amount of lymph fluid in the body?

A

True

30
Q

Hepatic lymphatics drains fluid from?

A

Disse space, Glisson’s capsule and other interstial spaces of liver

31
Q

Zones of hepatocytes in lobule

A

Periportal hepatocytes

centrilobular hepatocytes

32
Q

Periportal hepatocytes

A

outside zone, is the first to receive blood, O2 and nutrients
Last to experience necrosis first to regenerate

33
Q

Centrilobular hepatocytes

A

inner most lobe; last to receive blood, less O2 and nutrients available
susceptible to ischemia/necrosis, area of drug metabolism (biotransformation)

34
Q

Where is the third zone of hepatocytes located?

A

mid-way between perioportal and cetrilobule zones

35
Q

Functions of the liver?

A

Drug metabolism/biotransformation
Metabolism
Storage for fat soluble and some water soluble vitamins
Endocrine fx

36
Q

Drug metabolism

A

Liver serves as intermediate step –> converts hydrophilic form to allow excretion

37
Q

Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver

A

regulate blood glucose
synthesis of glycogen (glycogenesis)
Gluconeogenesis

38
Q

Fat metabolism

A

Liver removes FFA and lipoproteins from plasma

39
Q

Fate of FFA in Liver

A

used in energy production

used to synthesize VLDL

40
Q

What is the role of Vitamin K in the body?

A

Clotting

41
Q

Where in the body is inactive vitamin D is converted to active vitamin D?

A

The liver

42
Q

Gluconeogenesis important role to maintain blood glucose during?

A

Fasting

Pathophys II (1 decks)

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