GI module IV Flashcards
weight of liver
proportionate to body size
right and left lobe is anatomically separated by what structures?
Cantlie’s line - IVC to gallbladder
glissons capsule
connective tissue surrounding the liver
What passes through the center of the liver lobules?
Central vein
Portal triad consists of?
terminal branch of hepatic artery
terminal branch of portal vein
Terminal bile duct
Functional unit of the liver
Liver lobules
Liver lobules consist of?
hepatocytes and microvasculature
What is the shape of the liver lobules
Hexagon
Microvasculature of the liver lobules consists of?
Sinusoids and bile canaliculi
Describe the biliary pathway
bile canaliculi drain into terminal bile ducts
terminal bile ducts drain into R and L hepatic ducts
R and L hepatic ducts merge to form common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder and then becomes the common bile duct
common bile duct merges with pancreatic duct and drains into _______
the duodenum via the hepatopancreatic amuplla
T/F - The Liver has the ability to regenerate?
True
If 50-60% of the liver is damaged in a health person how long will it take to regenerate?
30 days
How much blood passes through the hepatic portal vein?
75%
Describe the efferent pathway through the Liver
central veins drain into hepatic veins –> hepatic veins eventually drain into IVC
The Liver receives blood and nutrients from the GI tract via the ______?
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic portal vein delivers blood to the _____?
Hepatic vein
Portal Hypertension
dff
The liver receives _______ via the hepatic artery?
oxygenated blood
Sinusoids act as _______ for hepatocytes
“capillary bed”
Hepatocytes line the the?
Sinusoids
Blood flows from hepatic portal vein into sinusoids and drain into ______?
central vein
Structures within the sinusoid/hepatocyte interface
kupffer cells fenestrated endothelium space of Disse pit cells microvilli
Where are Kupffer cells located?
Located along the surface of endothelium
Function of kupffer cells?
Early defense against liver injury
- phagocytic removal immune complexes, cell debris, etc.
- RBC degradation
Stellate cells
located in disse space
store vitamin A
role in liver regeneration –> produce/secrete hepatic growth factors
Pit cells
Located on the surface of endothelium
Fx: front line immune defense against tumor formation, viruses, etc and liver regeneration
Pit cells are also known as?
granular lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells
T/F Liver produces largest amount of lymph fluid in the body?
True
Hepatic lymphatics drains fluid from?
Disse space, Glisson’s capsule and other interstial spaces of liver
Zones of hepatocytes in lobule
Periportal hepatocytes
centrilobular hepatocytes
Periportal hepatocytes
outside zone, is the first to receive blood, O2 and nutrients
Last to experience necrosis first to regenerate
Centrilobular hepatocytes
inner most lobe; last to receive blood, less O2 and nutrients available
susceptible to ischemia/necrosis, area of drug metabolism (biotransformation)
Where is the third zone of hepatocytes located?
mid-way between perioportal and cetrilobule zones
Functions of the liver?
Drug metabolism/biotransformation
Metabolism
Storage for fat soluble and some water soluble vitamins
Endocrine fx
Drug metabolism
Liver serves as intermediate step –> converts hydrophilic form to allow excretion
Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver
regulate blood glucose
synthesis of glycogen (glycogenesis)
Gluconeogenesis
Fat metabolism
Liver removes FFA and lipoproteins from plasma
Fate of FFA in Liver
used in energy production
used to synthesize VLDL
What is the role of Vitamin K in the body?
Clotting
Where in the body is inactive vitamin D is converted to active vitamin D?
The liver
Gluconeogenesis important role to maintain blood glucose during?
Fasting
