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Misc > GI Misc > Flashcards

GI Misc Flashcards

1
Q

H. pylori treatment abx in peptic ulcers?

A
  • Omeprazole
  • Metronidazole
  • Clarithromycin
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2
Q

How do to investigate H. Pylori in ulcers?

A

Stool antigen test, C13 urea test and endoscopy

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3
Q

Name PPi. what does it do

A

lansoprazone. long term reduction in HCl acid release

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4
Q

Name a H2 blocker. what do they do

A

rantidine. suppress gastric acid release

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5
Q

what obstructions can lead to appendicitis?

A

food matter, adhesions, lymphoid hyperplasia which cause mucosal secretions and cause intra-luminal pressure to rise

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6
Q

Appendicitis presentation?

A
  • Abdo pain central -> RIF
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Pt prefers to have legs bent, not lying straight - guarding
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7
Q

Peritonitis -causes?

A

perfortation of GI tract. eg. dialysis, post op, spontaneous bacterial, bile leak, pregnancy blood rupture

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8
Q

Peritonisis - symptoms

A

tenderness, pain, nausea, chills, rigor, vomit, fever, shoulder pain, silent abdomen

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9
Q

Why do an xray for peritonitis /

A

ERECT X-RAY. look for air under the diaphram. also location of infection using USS.

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10
Q

What is diverticular disease? Who is it n=most ocmmon it?

A

Diverticula and complications (eg. diverticulitits - inflammation). most common in older population and low fibre diets

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11
Q

What abx do you give for management of Diverticular disease?

A

ciprofloxacin & metronidazole

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12
Q

Acute diverculitis?

A

sudden attack of swlling in diverticula. left ileac fossa region pain, fever, tachycardia

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13
Q

Symptoms of diverticular disease?

A

Asymptomatic in 95% of cases! Symptoms
that do occur relate to luminal narrowing; pain, constipation,
bleeding or diverticulitis. Severe cases; left iliac fossa pain,
fever, nausea.

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14
Q

What causes diverticular disease?

A

Unknown. ?Related to a low fibre diet -> Increased

intracolonic pressure -> herniation at sites of weakness? most common in older people

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15
Q

difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Direct - medial to IEA in Heissenback triangle. only passes through superficial inguinal ring
indirect - most common. lateral to IEA. passes through deep and superficial inguinal rings.

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16
Q

How do you treat crohn’s?

A

stop smoking,
Mild attacks: Prednisolone
Severe: IV hydrocortisone

5-ASA analogues (mesalazine) -> reduces relapses
Corticosteroids -> induce remission/treat relapses
Surgery

17
Q

is crohn’s improved by smoking?

A

no. UC is decreased by smoking. Crohn’s is increased.

18
Q

What does GALS stand for in crohns?

A

Only GALS can be CROHNS
Granulomas

All Layers and Levels

Skip Lesions

19
Q

Why do an x-ray in IBS?

A

to exclude toxic dilation of colon and to see the progression of either UC or crhons

20
Q

What are the HCV antivirals?

A

Velpatasvir/sofosbuvir

21
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalopathy? (brain damage)

A

confusion, drowsiness, disorientated

22
Q

Treatment for paracetamol overdose?

A

N-Acetyl-Cysteine

23
Q

What is the flapping tremour?

A

asterixis

24
Q

Symptoms of fulminant liver failure?

A

Encephalopathy – confusion, drowsiness, disorientated
Asterixis
Jaundice
Can have presentation of sepsis

25
Q

Treatment for encephalopathy?

A

lactulose

26
Q

what are the chronic liver conditions?

A

Infectious (Hep B, Hep C)

Autoimmune (AIH, PSC)

Metabolic (iron – haemochromatosis, copper –
Wilson’s, alpha-1-antitrypsin)

Alcoholic liver disease

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

27
Q

Name a NOAC?

A

apixibam

28
Q

Symptoms of overanti-coagulating

A

burising, bleeding, melena, epistaxis, haematemesis, haemoptysis,

29
Q

HCC - liver cancer? summar?

A

risks - hep B, hep C, cirrhosis,
Presentation - right hypochondric pain, anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, weight loss, ascite
Dx - contrast CT showing mass, liver biopsy,
mets - liver, bone, lungs

30
Q

Acute pancreatitis summary?

causes, presentaton, signs, bloods, urinalysis, scoring system/
treatment?
complication

A

I GET SMASHED - causes
Presentation - anorexia, epigastric pain radiates to back and relieved by sitting forward, jaundice, guarding and rigidity,nausea,
signs - cullens sign and grey turner’s
bloods - increased amylase, lipase and CRP
urinalysis - increased amylase
USS - gall stones,
contrast CT
Glasgow scoring system, APACHE II
TX- NSAIDs, metronidazole, fluids, O2, ABX, analgesia
complications - DM

31
Q

Haemochromatosis summary?

A

autosomal recessive condition. HFE mutation on chromosome 6 causes a mutation on the transferrin receptor leading to increased absorption and deposits.
SX - bronze diabetes, hepatomegaly, tiredness, cardiac failure, cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy
signs - increased iron and ferritin
TX - venesection and desferrioxamine

32
Q

Wilson’s disease summary?

A

Children - cirrhosis
adults - tremour/dysphagia, kayser-fleischer rings in eyes.
Cause - autosomal recesive condition on chomosom 13 causing impaired excretion of copper in bile. copper in liver and CNS
IX - serum caeruloplasmin, biopsy for cirrhosis ans hep
MRI - cerebella/basal ganglia degeneration
Tx - Penicillamine to excrete copper, Reduce copper intake

33
Q

Alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency? summary

A

autosomal recessivelcondition on chromosome 14. accumulation of alpha-1-antitrypsin in
hepatocytes and lack of it in serum causing lack of protease inhibition in alveoli causing damage to alveoli and subsequent emphysema.
Tx - manage COPD ad cirrhosis and liver transplant
children - cirrhosis
adults - SOD, dysponoea
Low serum alpha-1-anti-trypsin.

34
Q

Biliary colic?

A

gallstone impacted in the gallbladder neck and temporarily dislodged into the gallbladder

35
Q

Acute cholecystitis?

A

Gallstone stuck in gallbladder neck and causes inflammation due to obstruction in drainage.
SX -seveere RUQ pai, vomitting, nausea, fever, NO JAUNDICE

Misc (14 decks)

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